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An in-depth exploration of color vision, focusing on the trichromatic theory and opponent process mechanism. It delves into the role of cone receptors, the principle of univariance, and the opponent-process mechanisms of red-green and blue-yellow. Additionally, it discusses color constancy, color aftereffects, and various color vision deficiencies.
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We can add lights to predict L, M and S responses to different amounts of 3 primaries
S M L
S M L
S M L
We can also predict L, M and S responses to different levels of saturation 400
S M L
S M L
S M L
S M L Because of the principle of univariance, two different spectra that produce the same L, M and S cone responses will look exactly the same. These pairs are called ‘ metamers ’. They make a ‘metameric match ’ 400
S M L
So the theory of trichromacy explains why we only need three primaries to produce a variety of colors. But what does an arbitrary sum of primaries look like? In 1878, Hering argued that trichromacy wasn’t enough. He asked:Why don’t we ever see yellowish blues? Or reddish greens?
Now with RG = L-M and BY = (L+M) – S, we can predict the appearance of any arbitrary spectrum of light. Yellow: 560 nm Blue: 450 nm Red: 650 nm Green: 520 nm 400
S M L R-G B-Y
S M L R-G B-Y
S M L R-G B-Y
S M L R-G B-Y
Our experience of color is shaped by physiological mechanisms, both in the receptors and in opponent neurons.