Tree Growth and the Environment
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Tree Growth and Environment - Silviculture - Lecture Slides, Slides of Forestry
Silviculture course teaches how to develop and apply silvicultural prescriptions and learn the effects of these prescriptions on timber and non-timber forest benefits, forest health and biodiversity, soil, and water resources as well as their effect on broader social, economic, and ecological issues. This lecture keywords are: Tree Growth and Environment, Photosynthesis, Chemical Energy, Respiration, Environmental Factors Influencing Photosynthesis, Light and Photosynthesis, Temperature, Topogra
Typology: Slides
2012/2013
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Tree Growth and the Environment
Photosynthesis
• Photosynthesis: Conversion of light energy to chemical
energy
- Production of carbohydrates from CO 2 and H 2 O in the presence of chlorophyll using light energy.
6CO 2 + 12H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 + 6H 2 O
chlorophyll
light
Respiration
- Respiration is the process by which energy fixed by
photosynthesis is made available for metabolic
processes
Environmental Factors Influencing Photosynthesis
- Light
Environmental Factors Influencing Photosynthesis
- Light
- Light environment in a stand is influence by the vertical and horizontal forest structure
Light and Photosynthesis
Above the light compensation point, photosynthesis increases until the amount of carboxylation enzyme or available CO 2 limits photosynthesis.
- Plateau in the rate of photosynthesis is know as light saturation point.
Light and Photosynthesis
• Light compensation points and light saturation levels
vary:
Environmental Factors Influencing Photosynthesis
- CO 2 concentration
- CO 2 concentration in the atmosphere is low, about 0.03% by volume
- Concentrations in the forest are often higher but show vertical gradients which change diurnally and seasonally
- Stands whose structure permits continued circulation of air provide more favorable conditions from the standpoint of CO 2 supply than those with a tight canopy or those which are multi- storied.
- CO 2 enrichment (i.e. atmospheric rise due to fossil fuel burning) has been shown to increase growth rates
Environmental Factors Influencing Photosynthesis
- Water availability
Environmental Factors Influencing Photosynthesis
- Water availability
- Moisture availability is dictated by
- Soil properties
- Topography
- Moisture availability is dictated by
Environmental Factors Influencing Photosynthesis
- Water availability and topography
- Aspect
- Solar radiation exposure strongly effects evapotranspiration
- Slope position
- Upper slopes drier
- Middle to lower slope positions more moist and productive
- Slope shape
- Convex landforms shed water
- Concave accumulate water
- Aspect
Plant Factors Influencing Photosynthesis
- Leaf age
- Position within crown
- Crown class and species
- Sun and shade adaptations
Plant Factors Influencing Photosynthesis
- Leaf age