Chemistry Notebook: Periodic Table, Properties of Matter, and Compounds | Study notes Chemistry

K 10^3, m 10^-3, n 10^--9 1cm3=cc=mL k=273.15+C 9/5(C+32

Graduated cylinder Buret Syringe Pipet Volumetric flask

Observations+experiments Find patterns,trends,law formulate test hypothesisTheory

Matter(gas,liquid,solid): Atoms(element) OMolecules(element)O2Molecules(Compound)H2O(Pure substance<can’t separated>/Homogeneous mixture<ok2separated>)

Intensive Properties…Are independent of the amount of the substance that is present. Density, boiling point, color, etc.

Extensive Properties…Depend upon the amount of the substance present. Mass, volume, energy, etc

Distillation(boiling points of substances to separate a homogeneous mixture into its components.) filtration, Chromatography, centrifuge 離心分離,

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table_(large_version)

1 - H - Hydrogen 2 - He – Helium

3 - Li - Lithium 4 - Be - Beryllium 5- B - Boron 6 - C - Carbon 7 - N - Nitrogen 8 - O - Oxygen 9 - F - Fluorine 10 - Ne – Neon

11 - Na - Sodium 12 - Mg - Magnesium 13 - Al - Aluminum, Aluminium 14 - Si - Silicon 15 - P - Phosphorus 16 - S - Sulfur 17 - Cl - Chlorine 18 - Ar – Argon

19 - K - Potassium 20 - Ca - Calcium 21 - Sc - Scandium 22 - Ti - Titanium 23 - V - Vanadium 24 - Cr - Chromium 25 - Mn - Manganese 26 - Fe - Iron 27 - Co - Cobalt 28 - Ni - Nickel 29 - Cu - Copper 30 - Zn - Zinc 31 - Ga - Gallium 32 - Ge - Germanium 33 - As - Arsenic 34 - Se - Selenium 35 - Br - Bromine 36 - Kr – Krypton

37 - Rb - Rubidium 38 - Sr - Strontium 39 - Y - Yttrium 40 - Zr - Zirconium 41 - Nb - Niobium 42 - Mo - Molybdenum 43 - Tc - Technetium 44 - Ru - Ruthenium 45 - Rh - Rhodium 46 - Pd - Palladium 47 - Ag - Silver 48 - Cd - Cadmium 49 - In - Indium 50 - Sn - Tin 51 - Sb - Antimony 52 - Te - Tellurium 53 - I - Iodine 54 - Xe - Xenon

55 - Cs - Cesium 56 - Ba - Barium 57 - La - Lanthanum 58 - Ce - Cerium 59 - Pr - Praseodymium 60 - Nd - Neodymium 61 - Pm - Promethium 62 - Sm - Samarium 63 - Eu - Europium 64 - Gd - Gadolinium 65 - Tb - Terbium 66 - Dy - Dysprosium 67 - Ho - Holmium 68 - Er - Erbium 69 - Tm - Thulium 70 - Yb - Ytterbium 71 - Lu - Lutetium 72 - Hf – Hafnium

73 - Ta - Tantalum 74 - W - Tungsten 75 - Re - Rhenium 76 - Os - Osmium 77 - Ir - Iridium 78 - Pt - Platinum 79 - Au - Gold 80 - Hg - Mercury 81 - Tl - Thallium 82 - Pb - Lead 83 - Bi - Bismuth 84 - Po - Polonium 85 - At - Astatine 86 - Rn – Radon

Lithium

(3) Li

Beryllium

(4) Be

Boron

(5) B

Carbon

(6) C

Nitrogen

(7) N

Oxygen

(8) O

Fluorine

(9) F

Neon

(10) Ne

Sodium

(11) Na

Magnesium

(12) Mg

1A: Alkali Metals (Soft, reactive metal) 2A: Alkaline earth Metals 3-5: Transition metals 6A: Chalcogens 7A: Halogens 8A:

Noble(rare)Gases (Nonreactive gas)

Aluminium

(13) Al

Silicon

(14) Si

Phosphorus

(15) P

Sulfur

(16) S

Chlorine

(17) Cl

Argon

(18) Ar

Potassium

19 K

Calcium

20 Ca

Scandium

21 Sc

Titanium

22 Ti

Vanadium

23 V

Chromium

24 Cr

Manganese

25 Mn

Iron

26 Fe

Cobalt

27 Co

Nickel

28 Ni

Copper

29 Cu

Zinc

30 Zn

Gallium

31 Ga

Germanium

32 Ge

Arsenic

33 As

Selenium

34 Se

Bromine

35 Br

Krypton

36 Kr

Rubidium

37 Rb

Strontium

38 Sr

Yttrium

39 Y

Zirconium

40 Zr

Niobium

41 Nb

Molybdenum

42 Mo

Technetium

43 Tc

Ruthenium

44 Ru

Rhodium

45 Rh

Palladium

46 Pd

Silver

47 Ag

Cadmium

48 Cd

Indium

49 In

Tin

50 Sn

Antimony

51 Sb

Tellurium

52 Te

Iodine

53 I

Xenon

54 Xe

Caesium

55 Cs

Barium

56 Ba

Lanthanides

57-71*

Hafnium

72 Hf

Tantalum

73 Ta

Tungsten

74 W

Rhenium

75 Re

Osmium

76 Os

Iridium

77 Ir

Platinum

78 Pt

Gold

79 Au

Mercury

80 Hg

Thallium

81 Tl

Lead

82 Pb

Bismuth

83 Bi

Polonium

84 Po

Astatine

85 At

Radon

86 Rn

Molecular compounds – only nonmetals (solid / liquid / gas) ~ ANION Ionic compounds – Metal or (maybe non-metal) (only in solid) ~ CATION + ANION

H+ Hydrogen ion

Li+ Lithium ion

Na+ Sodium ion

K+ Potassium ion

Cs+ Cesium ion

Ag+ Silver ion

NH4+ Ammonium ion

Cu+ Copper(I) or cuprous ion

H- Hydride ion

F- Fluoride ion

Cl- Chloride ion

Br- Bromide ion

I- Iodide ion

CN- Cyanide ion

OH- Hydroxide ion

CH3COO- Acetate ion

(C2H3O2-)

NO3- Nitrate ion

MnO4- permanganate

<<Oxyanion>>

ClO4- Perchlorate ion

ClO3- Chlorate ion

ClO2- Chlorite ion

ClO1- Hypochlorite ion

-ideHydro -ic acid (HCl)

Hydrochloric Acid

<<Acid>>

-ate -ic acid(HClO4-)Perchloric Acid

(HClO3-)Chloric Acid

-ite -ous acid(HClO2-)Chlorous Acid

(HClO1-)Hypohlorous Acid

Mg2+ Magnesium

Ca2+ Calcium ion

Sr2+ Strontium ion

Ba2+ Barium ion

Zn2+ Zinc ion

Cd2+ Cadmium ion

Co2+ Cobalt(II) or cobaltous ion

Cu2+ Copper(II) or cupric ion

Fe2+ Iron(II) or ferrous ion

Mn2+ Manganese(II) or manganous

Hg22+ Mercury(I) or mercurous ion

Hg2+ Mercury(II) or mercuric ion

Ni2+ Nickel(II) or nickelous ion

Pb2+ Lead(II) or plumbous ion

Sn2+ Tin(II) or stannous ion

O2- Oxide ion

O22- Peroxide ion

S2- Sulfide ion

CO32- Carbonateion

CrO42- Chromateion

Cr2O72- Dichromate

SO42- Sulfate ion

1.Mono- 2.Di- 3.Tri- 4. Tetra-

5.Penta- 6.Hexa- 7.Hepta-

8.Octa- 9.Nona- 10.Deca-

N2O5: Dinitrogen Pentoxide (elided

a or o (prefix), if element begins

with a vowel)

CO2: Carbon Dioxide

Organic Chem: study of carbon

1.Meth- 2.Eth-

3.Prop- 4.But-

Alkanes: only C + H -ane

Methane, Ethane, ………

Functional group: H in an

alkane is replaced with

something else (like –OH)

Alcohol – Methol, Ethol……

Al3+ Aluminum

ion

Cr3+ Chromium(III) or chromic

ion

Fe3+ Iron(III) or ferric ion

N3- Nitride ion PO43- Phosphate ion

law of multiple proportions / Law of Conservation of Mass (mass always stay the same) (Isotopes: Neutrons) Law of Constant Composition

atomic theory: electron ( -ve ), proton ( +ve, attract,repel ) Mass #: P + N, Atomic #: P = E (Mass Spectrometer – measure Atomic & Molecular masses) 6.02214 X 10^23 amu (atomic mass unit) = 1g 1 A (Atoms) = 0.1 nm

Empirical formulas(ratio) / Molecular formulas(exact #) / Structural formulas / Perspective drawing

Chemistry Notebook: Periodic Table, Properties of Matter, and Compounds, Study notes of Chemistry

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K 10^3, m 10^-3, n 10^--9 Graduated cylinder Buret Syringe Pipet Volumetric flask 1cm3=cc=mL k=273.15+C 9/5(C+

Observations+experiments Matter(gas,liquid,solid): Atoms(element) O Find patterns,trends,lawMolecules(element)O formulate test hypothesisTheory

Intensive Properties…Are independent of the amount of the substance that is present. Density, boiling point, color, etc.^2 Molecules(Compound)H2O(Pure substance<can’t separated>/Homogeneous mixture)

Extensive Properties…Depend upon the amount of the substance present. Mass, volume, energy, etc

Distillation(boiling points of substances to separate a homogeneous mixture into its components.) filtration, Chromatography, centrifuge 離心分離,

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table_(large_version)

1 - H - Hydrogen 2 - He – Helium 3 - Li - Lithium 4 - Be - Beryllium 5- B - Boron 6 - C - Carbon 7 - N - Nitrogen 8 - O - Oxygen 9 - F - Fluorine 10 - Ne – Neon

73 - Ta - Tantalum 74 - W - Tungsten 75 - Re - Rhenium 76 - Os - Osmium 77 - Ir - Iridium 78 - Pt - Platinum 79 - Au - Gold 80 - Hg - Mercury 81 - Tl - Thallium 82 - Pb - Lead 83 - Bi - Bismuth 84 - Po - Polonium 85 - At - Astatine 86 - Rn – Radon

Molecular compounds – only nonmetals (solid / liquid / gas) ~ ANION H+ Hydrogen ion Ionic compounds – Metal or (maybe non-metal) (only in solid) ~ CATION + ANION

Li+ Na+ Sodium ion Lithium ion

K+ Cs+ Cesium ion Potassium ion

Ag+ Silver ion

NH Cu+ Copper(I) or cuprous ion 4 +^ Ammonium ion H- F- Hydride ionFluoride ion

Cl- Chloride ion Br- Bromide ion

I- CN- Cyanide ion Iodide ion

OH- Hydroxide ion

CH (C 23 HCOO 3 O 2 - )-^ Acetate ion

NO MnO 3 -^4 - Nitrate ionpermanganate

ClO^ <> 4 -^ Perchlorate ion

ClO ClO 32 - -^ ChlorChlorateite ionion

ClO 1 -^ Hypochlorite ion

-ideHydro -ic acid (HCl) Hydrochloric Acid

-ate^ <> -ic acid(HClO 4 - )Perchloric Acid

-ite -ous acid(HClO^ (HClO^3 - )Chlor 2 - )Chloricous^ Acid Acid

(HClO 1 - )Hypohlorous Acid

Mg2+ Magnesium Ca2+ Calcium ion

Sr2+ Strontium ion Ba2+ Barium ion

Zn2+ Zinc ion Cd2+ Cadmium ion

Co Cu2+2+^ Cobalt(II)Copper(II) or cobaltous ion or cupric ion

Fe Mn2+2+^ Iron(II)Manganese(II) or ferrous ion or manganous

Hg Hg 2 2+2+ Mercury(I) orMercury(II) or mercuric ion mercurous ion

Ni Pb2+2+^ Nickel(II)Lead(II) or nickelous ionor plumbous ion

Sn2+^ Tin(II) or stannous ion

O O 22 - 2-^ Oxide ionPeroxide ion

S2-^ Sulfide ion

CO CrO 3 2- 4 2-^ CarbonateChromateionion

Cr SO 2 O 4 2- 7 2-Sulfate ion^ Dichromate

1.Mono- 2.Di- 3.Tri- 4. Tetra-

5.Penta- 6.Hexa- 7.Hepta- 8.Octa- 9.Nona- 10.Deca-

N a or o (prefix), if element begins 2 O 5 : Dinitrogen Pentoxide (elided

with a vowel)

CO 2 : Carbon Dioxide

Organic Chem: study of carbon

1.Meth- 3.Prop- 4.But-2.Eth-

Alkanes: only C + H Methane, Ethane, ……… -ane

Functional group: H in an alkane is replaced with

something else (like –OH) Alcohol – Methol, Ethol……

Al3+ Aluminum ion Cr3+ Chromium(III) or chromic ion

Fe3+ Iron(III) or ferric ion

N3-^ Nitride ion PO 4 3-^ Phosphate ion

Empirical formulas(ratio) / Molecular formulas(exact #) / Structural formulas / Perspective drawing

<> ClO 4 - Perchlorate

ClO ClO 32 - -^ ChlorChlorateite ionion

ClO <> 1 -^ Hypo chlor(HCI)ite

-ide -ateHydro -ic acidchloric Acid

(HClO (HClO 43 - -)Perchlor)Chloric Acidic Acid

-ite (HClO -ous acid 2 - )Chlorous Acid

(HClO 1 - )Hypohlorous Acid

Mass # = Protons + Neutrons, Atomic #: = Protons or Electrons (Mass Spectrometer – measure Atomic & Molecular masses)

(Isotopes: Δin Neutrons ~ 11C: 6P,6E,5N /12C: 6P,6E,6N / 13C: 6P,6E,7N / 14C: 6P,6E,8N )in Neutrons ~ 11C: 6P,6E,5N /12C: 6P,6E,6N / 13C: 6P,6E,7N / 14C: 6P,6E,8N )

6.02214 X 10^23 amu (atomic mass unit) = 1g 1 A (Atoms) = 0.1 nm

Empirical formulas(ratio) 計: mole&M / Molecular formulas(exact #) / Structural formulas

Molarity = moles / vol (Liters) density = mass(amu)/ vol(ml) Molar mass: g/mol Mconc X Vconc = Mdilute X Vdilute

1 Pa = 1 N/m2 (Newton= 1 kg/m*sec^2 ) 1 bar = 105Pa = 100 kPa

Standard Pressure: (@sea level)1 atm(atmosphere) = 760Torr = 760 mmHg = 101.325kPa Pressure=Force/Area F=mass*acceleration=9.81m/s^2

Boyle’s Law: Vol=k/P Charles’s Law: Vol L=k(TempK^0 ) Avogadro’s Law: V=kn PV=nRT, R=0.08206 R: L-atm/mol-K =0.08206;

J/mol-K =8.314;

m^3 -Pa/mol-K =8.314;

kg-m^2 /s^2 -mol-K =8.314;

cal/mol-K =1.987;

L-torr/mol-K =62.

Constant: T , n Constant: P , n Constant: T, P V = Liters; n=moles;

P=atm; T=k^0 ; U=speed;

Ptot = P 1 + P 2 + P 3 ……

find partial pressure:

look 4 ratio!!!