LAB SLOT: L35+36
DIGITAL-ASSIGNMENT-1
CSE3001-SOFTWARE ENGINEERING
PROFESSOR: DR. SHASHANK MOULI
SATAPATHY
TEAM MEMBERS:
GOKUL.S NAMBIAR (19BCI0017)
DIVYANGI SINGH (19BCI0048)
RITIKA SINGH (19BCI0166)
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Transport Operations Automation Software, Cheat Sheet of Science education
The transport operations automation software is a comprehensive system designed to streamline the vehicle rental process for customers and optimize fleet management for the company. The software provides features such as checking vehicle availability, booking cars, calculating rental charges, and maintaining vehicle stock and expenses. The system collects detailed statistics on various vehicle parameters like price, repair costs, demand, revenue, and fuel consumption, which are used to determine the most profitable vehicles and set appropriate rental charges. The software also automates the process of recording pre-booking status, including mileage, expected return date, and other relevant details to facilitate accurate rental calculations. This software aims to enhance the customer experience, improve operational efficiency, and enable data-driven decision-making for the transport operations business.
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LAB SLOT: L35+
DIGITAL-ASSIGNMENT- 1
CSE3001-SOFTWARE ENGINEERING
PROFESSOR: DR. SHASHANK MOULI
SATAPATHY
TEAM MEMBERS:
GOKUL.S NAMBIAR (19BCI0017)
DIVYANGI SINGH (19BCI0048)
RITIKA SINGH (19BCI0166)
Problem No.
What is more important: Product or Process? Justify your answer. Solution:
- A process can be defined as investment of time, skills and efforts to get a final output and that output is called as product. A product has the capability of producing good services.
- The answer to the question asked above depends on the situation. A user will give more importance to the final output i.e product but a developer gives more importance to the process as he/she is involved in it. The process is base of every product. No product can be developed without a process. But the final stage of process cannot be reached without a product.
- To build a great product we need the right process in place. Therefore, having the right process is a necessary condition for creating the right product or achieving market success with an existing product. Let me explain.
- Different processes will be required in different organizations. Let’s take a nuclear power plant for example. Say an internal team wants to build a new control system, or source it from an external vendor.
- To ensure it meets the technical, operational and other specifications, whoever will be working on it, will require a very specific process to be in place. Otherwise they will fail to deliver or deliver in a cost effective and timely manner. This is very different from a process (or lack of thereof) a small team working on a new social app will need to get a minimal viable product to the market.
- In the end, to scale anything you will need some process in place. Picking the right one for the right phase, team and product is the really hard part.
- Both can be considered to be important equally because without a correct process, we will not get the required Output. On the other hand, we cannot verify and validate the process without a product. We can confirm whether process was carried out in right manner or not by testing the product.
Problem No.
Which of the following sentence(s) are ambiguous? Explain why. a. The system shall be menu driven. b. There shall exist twenty-five buttons on the control panel, numbered PF1 to PF25. c. The software size shall not exceed 128K of RAM. d. The system shall exhibit good response time. Solution: All the sentences are ambiguous except (c).
= 4.507 people Productivity=KDSI/E=7.25/41.517= 0.174 KDSI/PM Adjustment Factor, A=0.4DD+0.3C+0.2I=0.420+0.330+0.215= Size(equivalent)=(SA)/100= (20*7.25)/100=1.45 KDSI
EFFORT=EAFA(Size)exp1= 1.5053.0*(1.45)1.12= 6.845 PM
MTDEV = 2.5 * (Effort)exp2= 2.5*(6.845)0.35= 4.901 PM
Problem No.
Identify the type of risk in each statement. a) Do you use a specific method for test case design? b) Governmental constraints on the construction of the product Solution:
a) There are basically two methods for test-case design: black-box testing and white box
testing. There are some negative risks involved in both of them.
- The main risk is the instructions and information can either become vague or complex.
- Risk involved in black box testing is that it doesn’t consider the internal structure of the software and hence developing test cases and getting accurate result would be difficult.
- White box testing, on the other hand, is a complex and detailed method and as a result it could result in complex and expensive procedure. These are the risks involved in using a specific method for test case design.
- Depending on the software, the specific method used for test case design should be correct. In case of a wrong test case design, bugs and errors won't be identified.
b) If there are governmental constraints then not every aspect of the project development
will be in direct control of the stakeholders. There are some negative risks involved.
- Security issues can arise sometimes due to involvement of third party.
- The constraints can also restrict our way of working, resulting in reduced efficiency.
- Conflict of interests can also occur dur to difference interests and motives.
- Good amount of disturbance could arise in product handling process if the government tries to interrupt. At the same time, it can also result in a more efficient result.
Problem No.
Identify the pros and cons of using pair programming over programmers working alone. Based on your analysis, point out if there are any situations where the pair programming technique may not be suitable. Solution:
- In pair programming, the programmers always work on code in pairs at the same time. One writes the code, the other checks it in real time.
- Pair programming, is a software development practice in which two programmers collaborate on a single workstation at the same time. This collaboration is done either in person or remotely, in which case you’ll need software for screen sharing and real- time editing.
- There are two alternating roles for developers to play in pair programming. One programmer act as the driver who writes the code, and the other acts as the navigator who reviews the code and provides information and instructions. Both parties switch off roles at regular intervals.
The Pros of Pair Programming
1. Fewer mistakes and bugs Software developers usually work alone, which can cause negative traits like stubbornness and tunnel vision. It’s all too easy to get stuck when trying to fix a bug based on an incorrect assumption, a hidden typo, or a gap in your knowledge. When you’re pair programming, however, you’re forced to work as a team. This automatically gives the code more “quality control.” Both partners use their shared experience and knowledge to solve problems faster as they arise. According to a study by the University of Utah, code produced during pair programming has 15 percent fewer defects. 2. Increased code quality Sharing best practices between partners leads to better overall code. In particular, having to be accountable to your partner discourages both members from taking any shortcuts or hacks. Pair programming encourages teams to build robust solutions that won’t create unexpected bugs later on. 3. Faster training The partners for pair programming are usually two experts or one expert and one novice. In this latter case, pair programming allows junior and new team members to pick up information from their more experienced colleagues. This can massively speed up the onboarding process.
The Cons of Pair Programming
1. Higher costs Having two people working on a single initiative may seem like a waste of valuable resources. Indeed, it’s true that pair programming won’t be able to complete a project in half the time. 2. Sustainability Pair programming isn’t usually sustainable enough to be practiced all of the time. The ideal amount of time to spend pair programming seems to be around 2 to 2.5 hours.
1.2 Rental Calculation of Vehicles
1.2.1 Description and Priority
This feature provides a well-defined method for the rental calculations of the vehicles depending on a particular category which makes the rent estimation a fairly easy and transparent process even for the customers. This feature if of very high priority.
1.2.2 Functional Requirements
REQ 1:
- The company will tell the user about the price of each car which
includes the
➢ Minimum amount
➢ Per-kilometer charge
➢ Per-hour charge
➢ Night halt charges
➢ AC/NON-AC vehicles
REQ 1.1:
INPUT: Particular car available for renting.
OUTPUT: Cost for renting the car.
PROCESSING:
- Calculation of rent using maximum of per-kilometer charge and the per-
hour charge combining with the minimum amount of 4 hours and the
additional night halt charges if any.
- Based on the particular category, AC cars will be 50 percent more
costly than non-AC cars.
1.3 Maintaining Vehicles Stock and Expenses
1.3.1 Description and Priority
This feature will allow the company to maintain the status of its vehicles. It allows makes it easier for the company to add new or sell off old cars from its fleet of vehicles. The company can also maintain the expense of each vehicle. This feature if of high priority.
1.3.2 Functional Requirements
REQ 1:
- Company can buy new cars based on the statistics of the cars already
available and it will be reflected in its database.
- Similarly, the company can sell off old cars or those with poor statistics
and other criteria like maintenance expenses.
- The maintenance expenses of vehicles are monitored and maintained.
REQ 1.1:
INPUT: Analyzing the statistics of cars and budget.
OUTPUT: Buying / selling of vehicles from the fleet.
REQ 1.2:
INPUT : Company selects the car it wants to check the expenses for.
OUTPUT: Maintenance expenses of the vehicles is displayed to the company
based on which it can decide to keep or sell it.
PROCESSING : Based on the statistical analysis of the vehicles available in the
market, and other factors like quality, the average maintenance time
is calculated.
REQ 2:
- The company checks the status of each vehicle which is automatically
updated based on
➢ Rented out
➢ Available
➢ Gone for repair
REQ 2.1:
INPUT: Company selects the car it wants to check the availability for.
OUTPUT: Status of the vehicles i.e either rented out, available or gone for
repair is
displayed to the company based on which it displays the available cars to the
customers.
1.4 Vehicle Statistics Collection
1.4.1 Description and Priority
This feature allows the company to decide the charge for each vehicle and whether its profitable or not, by analyzing the statistics available for various vehicles. This feature if of high priority.
1.4.2 Functional Requirements
REQ 1:
- The company can collect statistics about various types of vehicles like
➢ the price of the car,
➢ average amount of money spent on repairs for the car,
➢ average demand,
➢ revenue earned by renting out the car,
➢ fuel consumption of the car.
- Based on these statistics the company can take a decision about which
vehicles are more profitable and to decide the charge for different types
of vehicles.
REQ 1.1:
INPUT: Company selects the car it wants to check the statistics for.
OUTPUT: Statistics of the particular vehicle is sent to the company
for detailed analysis.
PROCESSING: After collecting and maintaining data from various sources and
markets, a database for the statistics of fleet of cars is maintained which is
accessible
to the company.
REQ 1.2:
INPUT : price of the car, average amount of money spent on repairs for the car,
average demand, revenue earned by renting out the car, fuel consumption of the
car.
OUTPUT: Charge of cars and buying/selling cars.
PROCESSING: Deciding the charge of cars and whether it is profitable or not
based on the statistics of the cars i.e setting a mark based on the
category of the car to decide the overall profit of the car.
Use Case Tables Use Case ID: 1 Use Case Name: Rental Calculation Created By: Ritika Singh Last Updated By: Ritika Singh Date Created: 16 th^ May 2021 Date Last Updated: 18 th^ May 2021 Actor: Company Description: It becomes easy for the manager to decide the charge of the vehicles based on the collected statistics related to the fuel consumption, demand , price etc. Preconditions: The software collects statistics of repairing cost, demand, revenue etc. of various vehicles. Postconditions: Vehicles are sold on the basis of the charge of the vehicles. Priority: High priority Frequency of Use: Frequently used Normal Course of Events: • The system collects statistics of all the parameters which determine the rental charge of vehicles.
- The manager decides the charge of the vehicles based on the statistics collected. Alternative Courses: NONE Exceptions: When the statistics of some cars are not available. Includes: Sales of the vehicles. Special Requirements: NONE Assumptions: NONE Notes and Issues: The charge calculated should not be bias, and should be equally determined by all the factors.
Use Case ID: 2 Use Case Name: Recording pre-booking status Created By: Ritika Singh Last Updated By: Ritika Singh Date Created: 16 th^ May 2021 Date Last Updated: 18 th^ May 2021 Actor: Admin Description: The system sets the status of the vehicles like mile-meter reading, expected return date which makes it easier for the manager to calculate the rental charge of the vehicles. Preconditions: The software keeps track of the booked vehicles. Postconditions: Excess amount is collected from the customer, or returned based on the initial amount paid. Priority: High priority Frequency of Use: Frequently used Normal Course of Events: • The system marks the status of the vehicle as rented.
- It collects the initial amount.
- It then notes the different parameters like mile-meter reading , date and time of booking etc.
- It then calculates the rental charge of vehicles. Alternative Courses: NONE Exceptions: NONE Includes: Final transaction based on excess residual payment Special Requirements: NONE Assumptions: NONE Notes and Issues: NONE
d) State chart Diagram
e) Interaction Diagrams (Sequence and Communication)