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Transport Layer in Computer Networks, Slides of Computer Networks

The basics of the transport layer in computer networks. It discusses the difference between transport and network layers, transport layer protocols, reliability and acknowledgements, types of data delivery, addressing, UDP, and the position of UDP in the TCP/IP protocol suite. It also covers the client-server paradigm, user datagram format, and checksum calculation of a simple UDP user datagram.

Typology: Slides

2022/2023

Available from 07/13/2023

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Program Name :B.Tech
Semester :ECE 6th Sem
Course Name: Computer Network
Course Code:EC 602
Facilitator Name: Megha Dewan
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Program Name :B.Tech

Semester :ECE 6th Sem

Course Name: Computer Network

Course Code:EC 602

Facilitator Name: Megha Dewan

Topic Name:- Transport Layer

Contents of Topic: Behrouz A. Forouzan Learning Outcome: Students get to know about basics of Transport Layer UNIT No. 1

What a Network layer actually does?

It oversees source-to-destination delivery of individual packets , it does not recognize any relationship between those packets. It treats each one independently , as though each piece belongs to a separate message.

How transport layer differ from network layer?

  • (^) The transport layer , ensures that the whole message arrives intact and in order , overseeing both error control and flow control at the source –to-destination level.

Transport layer protocol

  • (^) A transport layer protocol can be either connectionless or connection-oriented.
  • (^) UDP-Connectionless protocol-Simple
  • (^) TCP-Connection oriented protocol-Complex
  • (^) SCTP-Connection oriented protocol-Designed for Multimedia application
  • (^) (Stream control transport protocol)

PDU(SEGMENT)

  • (^) In the Transport layer a message is normally

divided into transmittable segment.

  • (^) UDP treats each segment separately
  • (^) TCP creates a relationship between

the segments using sequence numbers.

Connection –oriented transport layer

  • (^) A connection oriented transport layer makes a

connection with the transport layer at the

destination machine first before delivering the

packets.

  • (^) After all the data is transferred , the

connection is terminated.

  • (^) TCP and SCTP are Connection

oriented…

Reliable versus unreliable

Transport layer service can be reliable or unreliable

  • (^) If the application layer program needs reliability, TCP &SCTP protocol will implement flow and error control at the transport layer. But it is slower and more complex service.
  • (^) If the application layer program does not need reliability, it means most real-time application does not demand flow and error control,but it demand fast service. So unreliable protocol UDP is used.

Question arises?

  • (^) If the data link layer is reliable and has flow

and error control , do we need this at

transport layer too?

Answer

YES

  • (^) Reliability at the data link layer is between two nodes ;
  • (^) we need reliability between two ends.
  • (^) Because the network layer in the internet is unreliable.
  • (^) So we need to implement reliability at the transport layer.

Addressing

  • (^) At the Data link layer, we need a MAC address to choose ONE node among SEVERAL node.
  • (^) At the Network layer we need an IP address to choose one Host among Millions.
  • (^) At the Transport layer we need a transport layer address called a PORT NUMBER ,to choose among multiple processes running on the destination host.
  • (^) Destination port number for delivery; source port no for the reply

Port number

  • (^) Port number for a client host program defines

itself randomly by the transport layer. at this is

called ephemeral port number ranging from

49,152 to 65,

  • (^) Port number for servers are universally

assigned by (internet assigned number

authority) called well-known port number

ranging from0 to 1023

Socket address

It is a 48 bit address. It is a combination of both IP Address and port number.

UDP

  • (^) The User Datagram Protocol (UDP) is called a connectionless , unreliable transport protocol.
  • (^) UDP is so powerless , it perform process to process communication with very limited error checking.
  • (^) If a process wants to send a small message and does not care much about reliability , it can use UDP