Translation: The Process of Gene Expression, Study notes of Genetics

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Translation

Translation

The final product of gene expression is a polypeptidechain of amino acids whose sequence wasprescribed by the genetic code.

Ribosome

Two subunits composed of protein and ribosomalRNA (rRNA) The rRNA is a structural component of the ribosomesubunits

The Ribosome (Eukaryote) 80S

40S18S RNA +33 proteins60S 28S RNA + 49 proteins

tRNA

tRNA

The amino acid attaches to the 3’ end of the tRNA tRNA can base pair with the codon in mRNA at the anticodon^ anticodon

on the tRNA

Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes

The process is essentially the same, but somewhatmore complicated in eukaryotes. What I am showing you is the process forprokaryotes, but at the end I’ll talk a little bit abouteukaryotes.

Steps in Translation

1.^ Initiation—the two subunits of the ribosomecome together and the start codon on the mRNAin the ribosome is aligned to set the readingframe 2.^ Elongation—Charged tRNAs attach and peptidebonds form between the amino acids 3.^ Termination

Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes

Prokaryotes: 1.^ Translation takes place directly after transcription 2.^ mRNA is not modified 3.^ Transcription and translation take place in thesame area