Transforming Data Into Information Part 3-Computer Fundamentals-Lecture Slides, Slides of Computer Fundamentals

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More RAM = Better Performance!

The computer's system clock sets the pace for the CPUby using a vibrating quartz crystal.

A single "tick" of the clock is the time required to turna transistor off and back on. This is called a clockcycle. - Clock cycles are measured in Hertz (Hz), a measure ofcycles per second. If a computer has a clock speed of300 MHz, then its system clock "ticks" 300 milliontimes every second. - The faster a PC's clock runs, the more instructions thePC can execute each second. Factors Affecting Processing Speed –The System Clock

Cache memory is high-speed memory that holds themost recent data and instructions that have beenloaded by the CPU.

Cache is located directly on the CPU or between theCPU and RAM, making it faster than normal RAM. - CPU-resident cache is called Level-1 (L1) cache.External cache is called Level-2 (L2) cache. - The amount of cache memory has a tremendousimpact on the computer's speed. Factors Affecting Processing Speed –Cache Memory

Ports

Expansion Slots and Boards

Extending the Processor's Powerto Other Devices

External devices—such as those used for input andoutput—are connected to the system by ports on theback of the computer.

PCs feature a number of built-in ports, which areready to accept devices such as a printer, mouse,keyboard, phone line, microphone and speakers,and others. - Most computers come with a serial port and aparallel port. A serial port transmits one bit of dataat a time; a parallel port transmits data one byte ata time.

Extending the Processor's Powerto Other Devices – Ports

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List two reasons why computers use the binarynumber system.

List the two main parts of the CPU and explain howthey work together. - Explain the difference between RAM and ROM. - Identify two RAM technologies used in PCs. - List three hardware factors that affect processingspeed. - Identify four connections used to attach devices to aPC.