Docsity
Docsity

Prepare for your exams
Prepare for your exams

Study with the several resources on Docsity


Earn points to download
Earn points to download

Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan


Guidelines and tips
Guidelines and tips

toxicology BOTULISM : type pf food poisioning, Schemes and Mind Maps of Pharmacy

botulism is a serious illness, it is also relatively rare. However, it is important to be aware of the risks and take necessary precautions to prevent their occurrence.

Typology: Schemes and Mind Maps

2022/2023

Available from 06/15/2023

ramya-p-acharya
ramya-p-acharya 🇮🇳

1 document

1 / 13

Toggle sidebar

This page cannot be seen from the preview

Don't miss anything!

bg1
BOTULISM
BOTULISM
pf3
pf4
pf5
pf8
pf9
pfa
pfd

Partial preview of the text

Download toxicology BOTULISM : type pf food poisioning and more Schemes and Mind Maps Pharmacy in PDF only on Docsity!

BOTULISMBOTULISM

ORGANISMORGANISM

  • (^) Clostridium botulinumClostridium botulinum
    • (^) Gram positiveGram positive
    • (^) Obligate anaerobic bacillusObligate anaerobic bacillus
    • (^) SporesSpores
      • (^) UbiquitousUbiquitous
      • (^) Resistant to heat, light, drying and radiationResistant to heat, light, drying and radiation
      • (^) specific conditions for germinationspecific conditions for germination
        • Anaerobic conditionsAnaerobic conditions
        • (^) Warmth (10-50Warmth (10-50ooC)C)
        • (^) Mild alkalinityMild alkalinity

TRANSMISSIONTRANSMISSION

  • (^) IngestionIngestion
    • (^) OrganismOrganism
    • (^) SporesSpores
    • NeurotoxinNeurotoxin
  • (^) Wound contaminationWound contamination
  • (^) InhalationInhalation
  • (^) Person-to-person not documentedPerson-to-person not documented

HUMAN DISEASEHUMAN DISEASE

  • (^) Three formsThree forms
    • (^) FoodborneFoodborne
    • (^) WoundWound
    • InfantInfant
  • (^) All forms fatal and a medical emergencyAll forms fatal and a medical emergency
  • (^) Incubation period: 12-36 hoursIncubation period: 12-36 hours

II).II). INFANT BOTULISMINFANT BOTULISM

  • (^) Most common form in U.S.Most common form in U.S.
  • (^) Spore ingestionSpore ingestion
    • (^) Germinate then toxin released and colonizeGerminate then toxin released and colonize large intestine large intestine
  • (^) Infants < 1 year oldInfants < 1 year old
    • (^) 94% < 6 months old94% < 6 months old
  • (^) Spores from varied sourcesSpores from varied sources
    • (^) Honey, food, dust, corn syrupHoney, food, dust, corn syrup

III).III). WOUND BOTULISMWOUND BOTULISM

  • (^) Organism enters woundOrganism enters wound
    • (^) Develops under anaerobic conditionsDevelops under anaerobic conditions
    • (^) From ground-in dirt or gravelFrom ground-in dirt or gravel
    • It does not penetrate intact skinIt does not penetrate intact skin
    • (^) Associated with addicts of black-tar heroinAssociated with addicts of black-tar heroin

DIAGNOSISDIAGNOSIS

  • (^) Clinical signsClinical signs
  • (^) Toxin in serum, stool, gastric aspirate, suspected foodToxin in serum, stool, gastric aspirate, suspected food
  • (^) Culture of stool or gastric aspirateCulture of stool or gastric aspirate
    • (^) Takes 5-7 daysTakes 5-7 days
  • (^) Electromyography also diagnosticElectromyography also diagnostic
  • (^) Mouse neutralization testMouse neutralization test
    • (^) Results in 48 hoursResults in 48 hours

TREATMENTTREATMENT

  • (^) Intensive care immediatelyIntensive care immediately
    • (^) Ventilator for respiratory failureVentilator for respiratory failure
  • (^) Botulinum antitoxinBotulinum antitoxin
    • (^) Derived from equine sourceDerived from equine source
    • (^) CDC distributesCDC distributes
    • (^) Used on a case-by-case basisUsed on a case-by-case basis
  • (^) Botulism immune globulinBotulism immune globulin
    • (^) Infant cases of types A and GInfant cases of types A and G

HUMAN: PREVENTIONHUMAN: PREVENTION

 Do not feed honey to children <1 yr of ageDo not feed honey to children <1 yr of age

 Proper food preservation methodsProper food preservation methods

 (^) Proper time, temperature and pressureProper time, temperature and pressure  8080 ooC for 30 min or 100C for 30 min or 100ooC for 10 minC for 10 min

 Prompt refrigeration of foodsPrompt refrigeration of foods

 Boil foods for > 10 minutesBoil foods for > 10 minutes

 DecontaminationDecontamination

 (^) Boil suspected food before discardingBoil suspected food before discarding  (^) Boil or chlorine disinfect utensils usedBoil or chlorine disinfect utensils used