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BOTULISMBOTULISM
ORGANISMORGANISM
- (^) Clostridium botulinumClostridium botulinum
- (^) Gram positiveGram positive
- (^) Obligate anaerobic bacillusObligate anaerobic bacillus
- (^) SporesSpores
- (^) UbiquitousUbiquitous
- (^) Resistant to heat, light, drying and radiationResistant to heat, light, drying and radiation
- (^) specific conditions for germinationspecific conditions for germination
- Anaerobic conditionsAnaerobic conditions
- (^) Warmth (10-50Warmth (10-50ooC)C)
- (^) Mild alkalinityMild alkalinity
TRANSMISSIONTRANSMISSION
- (^) IngestionIngestion
- (^) OrganismOrganism
- (^) SporesSpores
- NeurotoxinNeurotoxin
- (^) Wound contaminationWound contamination
- (^) InhalationInhalation
- (^) Person-to-person not documentedPerson-to-person not documented
HUMAN DISEASEHUMAN DISEASE
- (^) Three formsThree forms
- (^) FoodborneFoodborne
- (^) WoundWound
- InfantInfant
- (^) All forms fatal and a medical emergencyAll forms fatal and a medical emergency
- (^) Incubation period: 12-36 hoursIncubation period: 12-36 hours
II).II). INFANT BOTULISMINFANT BOTULISM
- (^) Most common form in U.S.Most common form in U.S.
- (^) Spore ingestionSpore ingestion
- (^) Germinate then toxin released and colonizeGerminate then toxin released and colonize large intestine large intestine
- (^) Infants < 1 year oldInfants < 1 year old
- (^) 94% < 6 months old94% < 6 months old
- (^) Spores from varied sourcesSpores from varied sources
- (^) Honey, food, dust, corn syrupHoney, food, dust, corn syrup
III).III). WOUND BOTULISMWOUND BOTULISM
- (^) Organism enters woundOrganism enters wound
- (^) Develops under anaerobic conditionsDevelops under anaerobic conditions
- (^) From ground-in dirt or gravelFrom ground-in dirt or gravel
- It does not penetrate intact skinIt does not penetrate intact skin
- (^) Associated with addicts of black-tar heroinAssociated with addicts of black-tar heroin
DIAGNOSISDIAGNOSIS
- (^) Clinical signsClinical signs
- (^) Toxin in serum, stool, gastric aspirate, suspected foodToxin in serum, stool, gastric aspirate, suspected food
- (^) Culture of stool or gastric aspirateCulture of stool or gastric aspirate
- (^) Takes 5-7 daysTakes 5-7 days
- (^) Electromyography also diagnosticElectromyography also diagnostic
- (^) Mouse neutralization testMouse neutralization test
- (^) Results in 48 hoursResults in 48 hours
TREATMENTTREATMENT
- (^) Intensive care immediatelyIntensive care immediately
- (^) Ventilator for respiratory failureVentilator for respiratory failure
- (^) Botulinum antitoxinBotulinum antitoxin
- (^) Derived from equine sourceDerived from equine source
- (^) CDC distributesCDC distributes
- (^) Used on a case-by-case basisUsed on a case-by-case basis
- (^) Botulism immune globulinBotulism immune globulin
- (^) Infant cases of types A and GInfant cases of types A and G
HUMAN: PREVENTIONHUMAN: PREVENTION
Do not feed honey to children <1 yr of ageDo not feed honey to children <1 yr of age
Proper food preservation methodsProper food preservation methods
(^) Proper time, temperature and pressureProper time, temperature and pressure 8080 ooC for 30 min or 100C for 30 min or 100ooC for 10 minC for 10 min
Prompt refrigeration of foodsPrompt refrigeration of foods
Boil foods for > 10 minutesBoil foods for > 10 minutes
DecontaminationDecontamination
(^) Boil suspected food before discardingBoil suspected food before discarding (^) Boil or chlorine disinfect utensils usedBoil or chlorine disinfect utensils used