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Typically tornadoes move from southwest to northeast, but they have been known to move in any direction. • The average forward speed of a tornado is 30 mph, ...
Typology: Lecture notes
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Tornadoes are violently rotating columns of air with circulation that reaches the ground. Tornadoes usually start as a funnel cloud and are accompanied by a loud, roaring noise. Tornadoes:
Tornado Awareness : Tornadoes can occur at any time of the year in the United States.
Tornado Danger Signs: Tornadoes may develop from thunderstorms when warm, moist air is in advance of eastward-moving cold fronts. Watch for skies that turn suddenly dark and greenish (a phenomenon caused by
Tornado Scales: The Fujita Scale (F Scale) rates the strength of tornadoes with intensity estimates through after-the-fact examination of the damage they produced. Since February 2007, the Enhanced Fujita Scale (EF Scale) has used knowledge of the wind forces needed to damage or destroy various buildings and their component parts to estimate wind speeds.
Rating Wind Speed Typical Damage
F0 < 73 mph Light damage. Some damage to chimneys; branches broken off trees; shallow-rooted trees pushed over; sign boards damaged.
F1 73-112 mph Moderate damage. Peels surface off roofs; mobile homes pushed off foundations or overturned; moving autos blown off roads.
F2 113-157 mph Considerable damage. Roofs torn off frame houses; mobile homes demolished; boxcars overturned; large trees snapped or uprooted; light-object missiles generated; cars lifted off ground.
F3 158- mph
Severe damage. Roofs and some walls torn off well-constructed houses; trains overturned; most trees in forest uprooted; heavy cars lifted off the ground and thrown.
F4 207- mph
Devastating damage. Well-constructed houses leveled; structures with weak foundations blown away some distance; cars thrown and large missiles generated.
F5 261-318 Incredible damage. Strong frame houses leveled off foundations and swept away; automobile-sized missiles fly through the air in excess of 100 meters (109 yards); trees debarked; incredible phenomena will occur.
Know the Difference: Tornado Watches and Warnings
Be Prepared: Plan Ahead to Seek Shelter
When a tornado is coming, you have only a short time to make life-or-death decisions. Planning designated safe areas and quick responses are the keys to surviving a tornado. Know Where to Shelter: Determine the best place to shelter from an impending tornado in your home and workplace, and be aware of designated tornado shelters in public buildings and private businesses. Think about where you can shelter if you are in a vehicle or outside.
If in a Vehicle or Outside:
Develop a Plan: Develop a written plan of what to do in the event of a tornado, and share your plan with family or employees. Practice the plan with tornado drills at home and work.
Create a Disaster Supply Kit: Build disaster supply kits for all family members and pets for at least three days. Make the kits so they can be scaled down in case of evacuation. Your kits should include:
Information Sources : www.eden.lsu.edu; www.fema.gov; www.ready.gov; www.spc.noaa.gov; www.nssl.noaa.gov; www.redcross.org; http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/disaster/factsheets/index.html
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