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Congress: Structure, Functions, and Legislative Process, Exams of Political Science

A comprehensive overview of the united states congress, covering its bicameral structure, key roles, and the legislative process. It delves into the functions of congress, including lawmaking, oversight, and representation. The document also explores the influence of constituents, interest groups, and party leadership on congressional decision-making. Additionally, it examines the process of passing a law, from bill introduction to presidential action.

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 02/20/2025

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TJC GOVT 2305- Chapter 12 Congress Latest
Exam 100% Verified
bicameral - ANSWER having a legislative assembly composed of two house chambers or
houses, distinguished from unicameral
ndelegate - ANSWER representative who votes according to the preference of his or her
constituency
Constituency - ANSWER the residents in the area from which an official is elected
trustee - ANSWER representative who votes based on what he/she thinks is best for
his/her constituency
sociological representation - ANSWER type of representation in which a representatives
have the same racial, gender, ethics, religious, or educational backgrounds as their
constituents
agency representation - ANSWER type of representation in which a representative is
held accountable to a constituency if he or she fails to represent that constituency
properly
incumbency - ANSWER holding the political office for which one is running
cloture - ANSWER rule or process in legislative body aimed at ending debate on given
bill; in the U.S. senate, 60 senators (3/5ths) must agree in order to impose a time limit
and end debate.
veto - ANSWER president's constitutional power to turn down acts of congress; a
presidential veto may be overridden by a 2/3rds vote of each house of congress
pocket veto - ANSWER presidential veto that is automatically triggered if the president
does not act on a given piece of legislation passed during the final 10 days of legislative
sessions.
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TJC GOVT 2305- Chapter 12 Congress Latest

Exam 100% Verified

bicameral - ANSWER having a legislative assembly composed of two house chambers or houses, distinguished from unicameral

ndelegate - ANSWER representative who votes according to the preference of his or her constituency

Constituency - ANSWER the residents in the area from which an official is elected

trustee - ANSWER representative who votes based on what he/she thinks is best for his/her constituency

sociological representation - ANSWER type of representation in which a representatives have the same racial, gender, ethics, religious, or educational backgrounds as their constituents

agency representation - ANSWER type of representation in which a representative is held accountable to a constituency if he or she fails to represent that constituency properly

incumbency - ANSWER holding the political office for which one is running

cloture - ANSWER rule or process in legislative body aimed at ending debate on given bill; in the U.S. senate, 60 senators (3/5ths) must agree in order to impose a time limit and end debate.

veto - ANSWER president's constitutional power to turn down acts of congress; a presidential veto may be overridden by a 2/3rds vote of each house of congress

pocket veto - ANSWER presidential veto that is automatically triggered if the president does not act on a given piece of legislation passed during the final 10 days of legislative sessions.

What factors influence which laws congress passes? - ANSWER -Constituents are most important

-interest groups also play a role

  • party leadership might care if it is a partisan vote ["Part Discipline"]

party unity vote A roll-call vote in the House or Senate in which at least 50 percent of the members of one party take a particular position and are opposed by at least 50 percent of the members of the other party.

roll-call vote A vote in which each legislator's yes or no vote is recorded as the clerk calls the names of the members alphabetically

logrolling - ANSWER a legislative practice whereby agreements are made between legislators in voting for or against a bill; vote trading

how does congress influence other branches of the government? - ANSWER -Oversight

-advice and consent (appointments: ambassadors and federal judges and approves treates)

-impeachment

oversight - ANSWER the effort by Congress, through hearings, investigations, and other techniques, to exercise control over the activities of executive agencies

appropriation - ANSWER The amounts of money approved by Congress in statutes (bills) that each unit or agency of government can spend

executive agreement - ANSWER an agreement, made between the president and another country, that has the force of a treaty but does not require the Senate's "advice and consent"

re-election in their home district

private bill - ANSWER proposal in congress to provide a specific person with some kind of relief, such as special exemption from immigration quotas

conference - ANSWER gathering of the House of Republicans every 2 years to elect their house leaders; Democrats call their gathering Caucus

Caucus (political) - ANSWER typically closed meeting of a political or legislative group to select candidates, plan strategy, or decide on legislative members.

Speaker of the House ANSWER Chief presiding officers of the house of representative the speaker is the most important party and leader, and can influence the legislative agenda, fate of individual pieces of legislative, and members positions within the house.

majority leader - ANSWER elected leader or the majority party in the house if representatives or in the senate; in the house the leader is subordinate in the party hierarchy to speaker of the house

minority leader - ANSWER elected leader of the minority party

whip - ANSWER party member in the House or the Senate responsible for coordinating the party's legislative strategy building support for key issues, and counting votes

standing committee - ANSWER a permanent committee with the power to propose and write legislation that covers a particular subject, such as finance or agriculture

Standing Committee continued - ANSWER house ways and means committee and the senate finance committees are powerful because of their jurisdiction over taxes, trade, and expensive entitlement programs such as social security and medicare

select committee - ANSWER usually temporary legislative committee set up to high light or investigate a particular issue or address an issue not within the jurisdiction of existing committtees

joint committee - ANSWER legislative committees formed of members of both the house and the senate

Conference committee - ANSWER joint committees created to work out a compromise on house and senate's versions of a piece of legislation

seniority - ANSWER the ranking given to an individual on the basis of length of continuous service on a committee in congress

staff agencies - ANSWER legislative support agencies responsible for policy analysis

caucus (congressional) - ANSWER associations of members of congress based in party, interest, or social groups, such as gender, or race

What are the steps in the process of passing a law? - ANSWER *introduced into the house or senate (Only house can introduce "money bills")

*referred to committee for deliberation

*floor debate

*Vote

*conference committee

*Return to house/senate floor for approval

*president signs veto

bill - ANSWER proposed law that has been sponsored by a member of congress and submitted to the clerk of the house or senate