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Tilly’s Old and New Repertoires of Contention
Patronized
Autonomous
Orientation To Powerholders
Scope of Action
Local National
festival charivari/serenade seizure of grain field invasion turnout expulsion
strike
election rally public meeting
demonstration social movement
OLD
NEW
Tilly’s French Periods, 1598-
- a long seventeenth century, from 1598-1715, in which challenges were primarily aimed at the expanding national government,
- a shorter eighteenth century that ends with the revolution of 1789, in which challenges were primarily aimed at the encroachment of capitalist property relations on traditional rights and privileges,
- a longer nineteenth century (1789-1906) characterized by protracted class conflict and revolutionary struggle, during which time the new repertoire became established,
- a twentieth century (1906-present) in which the struggles continue but the scale of capital accumulation, coercion, and contention increase.
French Revolutionary Struggle (continued)
- 1859: victories in Crimean and Austrian wars
- 1866-69: defeats in Prussian-Austrian War;
- 1870: Defeat in Prussian War; Third Republic declared
- 1871: German Empire established; Empire claims Alsace and Lorraine; German troops enter Paris in triumph but leave after two days; Thiers was elected president of the Third Republic
- March 1871: as Germans retreat, popular uprising establishes the Commune, which ruled Paris until May,
- May 1871: Thiers (with Army) repressed the Commune.
Characteristics of repertoires of popular collective action in
France, 1650-1980 (Tilly 1986:392-3)
- General Characteristics
- Use of authorities’ normal means of action, as caricature or temporary assumption of authorities’ prerogative in the name of the community
- Tendency to participate as members of representatives of constituted corporate groups and communities rather than special interests
- Tendency to appeal to powerful patrons for redress of wrongs or representation to outside authorities
- Extensive use of authorized public celebrations and assemblies to present grievances and demands
- Repeated adoption of rich, irreverent symbolism: effigies and ritual objects
- Convergence on the residence of wrongdoer or sites of wrongdoing, as opposed to seats and symbols of public power
1650-1850: Parochial and Patronized
Characteristics of repertoires of popular collective action in
France, 1650-
1850-1980: National and autonomous
- General Characteristics
- Use of relatively autonomous means of action, or a kind rarely or never employed by authorities
- Tendency to participate as members of representatives of special interests and named associations or pseudo-associations (e.g., Coalition for Justice)
- Tendency to challenge rivals or authorities, especially national authorities and their representatives, directly rather than through appeals to patrons
- Deliberate organization of assemblies for articulation of claims
- Display of progams, slogans, signs or common membership
- Preference for action in visible public places
Characteristics of repertoires of popular collective action in
France, 1650-
1850-1980:National and autonomous
- Examples
- Strikes
- Demonstrations
- Electoral Rallies
- Public meetings
- Petition marches
- Planned insurrections
- Invasion of official assemblies
- Social movements
- Electoral campaigns
Old and New Repertoires of Contention in U.S., 1752-
Patronized
Autonomous
Orientation To Powerholders
Scope of Action
Local National
anti-proprietor revolts: 1652- militia rebellions: 1676- festivals: Stamp Act of 1765 tax revolts: 1765- food riots: 1713- tenants’ rebellions: 1745- squatters’ rebellions: 1782- slave rebellions: 1663- vigilantism: 1771-
expulsion:1765- boycotts: 1765-present cooperatives: 1870-present
strike
election rally public meeting
demonstration social movement
OLD
NEW
U.S. Periodization, 1620-present
- Colonial America: 1620-
- Colonial Revolt: 1765-
- National Period: 1815-
- Revolutionary Struggles: 1861-
- Consolidation/Increase in Scale: 1946-present
