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A comprehensive review of the thoracic spine, scoliosis, and cervical anatomy, covering key concepts, definitions, and anatomical structures. It includes 160 questions and answers, designed to test and reinforce understanding of these topics. Particularly useful for students of anatomy, radiology, and related healthcare fields.
Typology: Quizzes
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the vertebral column forms the..... - Correct answer central axis of the skeleton the vertebral column is centered in the ___________ plane - Correct answer midsagittal the vertebral column is located in the _______trunk - Correct answer posterior what are 3 functions of the vertebral column - Correct answer 1. encloses & protects spinal cord
definition of kyphosis - Correct answer exaggerated thoracic curvature "humpback" kyphosis is increased... - Correct answer convexity definition of lordosis - Correct answer exaggerated lumbar curvature "swayback" lordosis is increased... - Correct answer concavity definition of scoliosis - Correct answer abnormal lateral curvatures scoliosis is commonly detected in __________ years - Correct answer adolescent scoliosis is caused by.... - Correct answer disease, surgery/trauma, idiopathic (unknown cause) if scoliosis is not detected & treated, it may progress to point of.... - Correct answer debilitation what are 2 distinctive features of thoracic spine - Correct answer - rib articulations (facets & demifacets)
what is the breathing for lateral T-spine - Correct answer orthostatic breathing what is the kVp for T-spine projections - Correct answer 80- where is the CR at for lateral T-spine - Correct answer T7 (3-4" below jugular notch) if the spine is not parallel during lateral T-spine projections, use a ____________ angle - Correct answer 10-15* cephalic what is the IR size & orientation for lateral T-spines - Correct answer 14x17 LW for lateral T-spines, kVp may need to be ______ because of breathing technique - Correct answer reduced during lateral T-spines, the shoulders may cover.... - Correct answer T and T for AP/PA T-spine obliques, what is the patient rotation - Correct answer 70* where is the CR at for AP/PA T-spine obliques - Correct answer T7 (3-4" below jugular notch) what is the IR size & orientation for AP/PA T-spine obliques - Correct answer 14x17 LW where is the CR at for cervicothoracic lateral (swimmers) T-spine - Correct answer T1 (1" above jugular notch) to separate the shoulders in a cervicothoracic (swimmers) T-spine projection, what kind of angle do you use - Correct answer 3-5" caudal what is the IR size & orientation for cervicothoracic (swimmers) T-spine - Correct answer 10x12 LW what is the SID for all thoracic projections - Correct answer 40"
scoliosis radiography demonstrates.... - Correct answer amount/degree of curvature that occurs w/ force of gravity acting on body scoliosis is also used to evaluate..... - Correct answer fixation devices (such as Harrington rods) bending scoliosis studies are used to differentiate between.... - Correct answer primary & compensatory curves is upright or recumbent preferred for scoliosis projections - Correct answer upright what is the SID for scoliosis projections - Correct answer 60" what is the IR size & orientation for scoliosis projections - Correct answer 14x36 LW what is a benefit & risk for AP scoliosis projections over PA - Correct answer benefit: less OID between spine & IR risk: dose to breasts & thyroid is increased 90% what is a benefit & risk for PA scoliosis projections over AP - Correct answer benefit: dose to breasts & thyroid is reduced 90% risk: increased OID what is the kVp for AP/PA scoliosis projections - Correct answer 80- what is the kVp for lateral scoliosis projections - Correct answer 90- what are the breathing instructions for all scoliosis projections - Correct answer expiration where is the CR at for ALL scoliosis projections - Correct answer lower IR border 1-2" below iliac crest for the Ferguson Method: Scoliosis Series, you elevate the ______ side - Correct answer convex (low) for AP right & left bending: scoliosis series, the pelvis remains ________ - Correct answer stationary (pivot point)
definition of articular pillars on cervical vertebrae - Correct answer short column of bone that is located between superior & inferior articular processes the articular pillars of the cervical vertebrae is thicker & more supportive than.... - Correct answer similar area of bone in rest of spinal column what is the articular pillar called when referring to C1 - Correct answer lateral mass the cervical zygapophyseal joints are formed by... - Correct answer articulation between superior & inferior articular processes the zygapophyseal joints between C2-C7 are located at..... - Correct answer 90* from MSP (true lateral position) the zygapophyseal joint between C1-C2 are seen in a _______ projection - Correct answer true AP (open mouth) a lateral cervical projection best demonstrates..... - Correct answer zygapophyseal joints between C2-C AP open mouth cervical projection best demonstrates... - Correct answer zygapophyseal joint between C1-C injury high in spinal cord can result in.... - Correct answer serious paralysis and death the zygapophyseal cervical joints should appear perfectly... - Correct answer symmetric what can cause the appearance of asymmetry in the cervical region - Correct answer injury or rotation of skull cervical intervertebral foramina are formed by.... - Correct answer inferior & superior borders of pedicles
the demonstrate the cervical intervertebral foramina rotate the patient.... - Correct answer 45* while also rotating the patient 45* to demonstrate the cervical intervertebral foramina, also use a ______ tube angle - Correct answer 15* what are the 2 requirements to open cervical intervertebral foramina - Correct answer - 45* patient oblique
what are the breathing instructions for all the cervical projections - Correct answer expiration what are the 3 reasons erect cervical is preferred over supine - Correct answer - demonstrates alignment & ligament stability
what is the CR angle for AP axial cervical projections - Correct answer 15- 20* cephalic where is the CR at for AP axial cervical projections - Correct answer C (lower thyroid cartilage) erect AP axial cervical projections requires a ______ CR angle - Correct answer 20* cephalic supine AP axial cervical projections require a ______ CR angle - Correct answer 15* cephalic the cephalic angle for AP axial cervical projections open up intervertebral joint spaces b/c.... - Correct answer bodies have slight overlap for cervical vertebras posterior cervical oblique projections require a _____ CR angle - Correct answer 15* cephalic anterior cervical oblique projections reluire a ______ CR angle - Correct answer 15* caudal where is the CR at for both posterior & anterior oblique cervical projections
where is the CR at for the AP "Wagging Jaw" Ottonello cervical method - Correct answer C4 (lower thyroid cartilage) the AP axial vertebral arch (Pillars) cervical method requires the neck to be.... - Correct answer hyperextended what is the CR angle for the AP axial vertebral arch (Pillars) cervical method - Correct answer 20-30* caudal where is the CR at for the AP axial vertebral arch (Pillars) cervical method - Correct answer lower margin of thyroid cartilage (C5)