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Material Type: Notes; Professor: Dozier; Class: REMOTE SENSING; Subject: Environmental Science & Management; University: University of California - Santa Barbara; Term: Spring 2008;
Typology: Study notes
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(Wikipedia – Infrared)
InfraredInfrared remoteremote sensing,sensing, toto measuremeasure ……
3
AVHRRAVHRR (NOAA’s(NOAA’s operationaloperational meteorologicalmeteorological sensor)sensor)
4
FusionFusion betweenbetween datadata onon oceanocean temperaturetemperature andand surfacesurface heightheight
TeraScan
calibrate, de-cloud, aggregate extrapolate HRPT downlink AVHRR image SST “super data” SST grid
HRPT Data Handling HRPT Gridding
SST (^) u SST t
∂ ∂
CD-ROM
g p g
MGDRcracker aggregatecalibrate, extrapolate
ocean height “super data” ocean height TOPEX points grid
GOAL : Local and advective components of upper ocean heat balance:
TOPEX Gridding TOPEX Data Handling
RadiationRadiation principlesprinciples
6
GoverningGoverning equationequation
2 5
(^2) , where x 1 L hc^ x hc λ λ e k λ T = = −
Planck’s equation (spectral curves on next slide) S f B l ∞
7
c speed of light 3.00× 10 8 ms – h Planck’s constant (^) 6.63× 10 –34^ Js k Boltzmann’s constant 1.38× 10 –23^ JK– σ Stefan-Boltzmann constant 5.67× 10 –8^ Wm–2^ K –
Stefan-Boltzmann equation
4 0
1.0E+
1.0E+
1.0E+
1.0E+ Sun (5800K)Scaled for Earth-Sun distance Earth (288K)
1.0E-01 8
1.0E+
1.0E+
1.0E+
1.0E+
1.0E+
0.1 1 10 100 wavelength (μm)
radiance
NIR SWIR
Mid IR Thermal IR
AtmosphericAtmospheric transmissiontransmission ofof infraredinfrared radiationradiation
9
http://www.pentec.com/instrumentation.htm
InfraredInfrared spectralspectral regionsregions
attributes disadvantages 3.5–4.5 μ m (Mid IR)
Clearest atmospheric window and finest spatial resolution for
Cloud cover. Less energy than 8–12 μm. Mixed with solar
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spatial resolution for measuring temper- ature.
Mixed with solar radiation in daytime.
8–12 μ m (Thermal IR)
Atmospheric window. Peak of energy emitted from Earth. Most accurate temper- atures.
Cloud cover. Coarser spatial resolution than MWIR.
EmissivityEmissivity——objectsobjects areare notnot blackbodiesblackbodies
11
p q y g
DefinitionDefinition ofof brightnessbrightness temperaturetemperature TTBB
2 2 5 5
hc k TB (^) 1 hc k T 1
hc hc e e hc
λ ε^ λ θ^ λ λ λ
12
So 1 ln
Or ln 1 B
B (^) hc k T
hc k T
hc T e k
hc T k e
λ
λ
ε λ ε
λ ε ε
ASTERASTER spectralspectral bandsbands onon modelmodel atmosphereatmosphere
MODISMODIS——ModerateModerate‐‐ResolutionResolution ImagingImaging SpectroradiometerSpectroradiometer
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AIRSAIRS——AdvancedAdvanced InfraredInfrared SounderSounder
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μm (CO 2 ) and 6.3 μm (H 2 O) enables temperature and humidity sounding to 1 km vertical resolution
HIRDLSHIRDLS——HighHigh‐‐ResolutionResolution DynamicDynamic LimbLimb SounderSounder
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TESTES——TroposphericTropospheric EmissionEmission SpectrometerSpectrometer
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spectral resolution of 0.025 cm
OperationalOperational MissionsMissions
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LandLand surfacesurface temperaturetemperature fromfrom MODISMODIS
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(Surface Temperature)
ActiveActive firefire detectiondetection
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Anomaly website
OceanOcean surfacesurface temperaturetemperature fromfrom MODISMODIS
27
HowHow doesdoes allall thisthis work?work?
28
Dr.Dr. Wan’sWan’s equationequation isis
1 2 3 2 31 32
1 2 3 2 31 32
1 2 1 2
s T C A A A T^ T
B B B T^ T
ε ε ε ε ε ε ε ε
= + ⎛^ + −^ + Δ⎞ + ⎜⎝ ⎟⎠
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31 32 (^31 3231 )
2 where , brightness temperatures in bands 31, = 2 and , , coefficients given by multidimensional lookup
T T
A B C
ε ε
ε^ ε^ ε ε ε ε
⎝ ⎠
tables (they depend on angle)
SpectralSpectral emissivityemissivity librarylibrary
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