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Theory and Practice of Counseling and
Psychotherapy 10th Edition - Corey
Synthesizing the approaches covered in the text: a. can easily be accomplished after taking an introductory course. b. is usually mastered by the end of the first year of one's graduate program. c. often requires many years of study, training, and practical counseling experience. d. rarely, if ever, happens and is a completely unrealistic goal. - ✔often requires many years of study, training, and practical counseling experience Which one of the following is not considered an experiential and relationship-oriented therapy? a. Gestalt therapy b. family systems therapy c. existential approach d. person-centered approach - ✔family systems therapy Which one of the following is not associated with the cognitive-behavioral action- oriented therapies? a. existential therapy b. cognitive therapy c. reality therapy d. behavior therapy e. rational emotive behavior therapy - ✔existential therapy Which humanistic approach emphasizes the basic attitudes of the therapist as the core of the therapeutic process? a. psychoanalytic therapy b. Adlerian therapy c. person-centered therapy d. cognitive-behavioral therapy e. family therapy - ✔person-centered therapy Presenting one model to which all trainees subscribe a. is what the counseling profession endorses at present. b. is likely to be a reality by the year 2020 when the CACREP standards are revisited. c. is dangerous in that it can limit their effectiveness in working with a diverse range of future clients. d. is illegal in the Northeastern region of the U.S., but not in other parts of the country. - ✔is dangerous in that it can limit their effectiveness in working with a diverse range of future clients The author makes a case for: a. initially getting an overview of the major theoretical orientations, and then delving more deeply into each approach.
b. delving deeply into one approach initially and then taking a superficial look at other theoretical models. c. learning the theories of counseling only after starting to work with clients in order to make the theories more relevant. d. the reader to choose the approach to which s/he subscribes. - ✔initially getting an overview of the major theoretical orientations, and then delving more deeply into each approach Which of the following statements about theories or models of counseling/ psychotherapy is true? a. Extensive research has shown that certain popular models of psychotherapy are ―wrong. b. There is a clear place for theoretical pluralism in our society. c. Accepting the validity of one model implies rejecting the validity of other models. d. Theoretical pluralism has been frowned on by several major professional organizations. - ✔There is a clear place for theoretical pluralism in our society What type of factors oftentimes limit our freedom of choice? a. social b. environmental c. cultural d. biological e. all of these - ✔social environmental cultural biological (all of these) Which of these statements about interventions is true? a. It is helpful to use one type of intervention with most clients. b. During the course of an individual's therapy, different interventions may be needed at different times. c. It is best to require clients to adapt to your approach to counseling and the interventions that you are skilled at using. d. You should only use counseling interventions when you are certified or licensed. - ✔During the course of an individual's therapy, different interventions may be needed at different times. Which approach was developed during the 1940s as a nondirective reaction against psychoanalysis? a. person-centered therapy b. family systems therapy c. Adlerian therapy d. reality therapy e. cognitive therapy - ✔person-centered therapy Francesca, a cognitive behavioral therapist, likes to give homework assignments to her clients. What might her rationale be for doing this?
An undisciplined mixture of approaches can be an excuse for failing to develop a sound rationale for systematically adhering to certain concepts and to the techniques that are extensions of them. - ✔True TRUE OR FALSE: An integrative perspective is not developed in a random fashion. - ✔True TRUE OR FALSE: Since Corey challenges the deterministic notion that humans are the product of their early conditioning and, thus, are victims of their past, he believes that an exploration of the past is rarely useful. - ✔False TRUE OR FALSE: Both family therapy and feminist therapy are based on the premise that to understand the individual it is essential to take into consideration the interpersonal dimensions and the sociocultural context rather than focusing primarily on the intrapsychic domain. - ✔True TRUE OR FALSE: Psychotherapy is a process of engagement between two people, both of whom are bound to change through the therapeutic venture. - ✔True TRUE OR FALSE: Those practicing brief therapy are in business to change clients, to give them quick advice, and to solve their problems for them. - ✔False TRUE OR FALSE: With respect to mastering the techniques of counseling and applying them appropriately and effectively, it is Corey's belief that you are your own very best technique. - ✔True TRUE OR FALSE: Techniques can counteract a client-therapist relationship that is lacking in certain respects. - ✔False TRUE OR FALSE: Much of effective therapy is the product of artistry. - ✔True TRUE OR FALSE: Rudolf Dreikurs is credited with popularizing the Adlerian approach in the United States. - ✔True TRUE OR FALSE: Reality therapy applies the principles of learning to the resolution of specific behavioral problems. - ✔False TRUE OR FALSE: Donald Meichenbaum is a prominent contributor to the development of cognitive behavior therapy. - ✔True TRUE OR FALSE: Reality therapy is based on choice theory and focuses on the client assuming responsibility in the present. - ✔True TRUE OR FALSE: Michael White and David Epston are the major figures associated with narrative therapy. - ✔True
TRUE OR FALSE: An experiential approach is Gestalt therapy, which offers a range of experiments to help clients gain awareness of what they are experiencing in the here and now. - ✔True It is especially important for counselors who work with culturally diverse client populations to: a. be aware of their own cultural heritage. b. have a broad base of counseling techniques that can be employed with flexibility. c. consider the cultural context of their clients in determining what interventions are appropriate. d. examine their own assumptions about cultural values. e. all of these - ✔be aware of their own cultural heritage have a broad base of counseling techniques that can be employed with flexibility consider the cultural context of their clients in determining what interventions are appropriate examine their own assumptions about cultural values (ALL OF THESE) According to the text, research shows that counselor values influence: a. therapy goals. b. assessment strategies. c. treatment outcome. d. all of these e. none of these - ✔therapy goals assessment strategies treatment outcome (all of these) Clients place more value on __ than on __ a. the personality of the therapist; the specific techniques used. b. the specific techniques used; the personality of the therapist. c. the therapist's theoretical orientation; the quality of the services being provided. d. the aesthetics of the therapeutic setting; the personality of the therapist. - ✔the personality of the therapist; the specific techniques used. Regarding psychotherapy treatment outcome, research suggests all of the following except: a. the therapist as a person is an integral part of successful treatment. b. the therapeutic relationship is an essential component of effective treatment. c. both the therapy methods and the therapy relationship make contributions to treatment outcome. d. therapy techniques are the key component of successful treatment - ✔therapy techniques are the key component of successful treatment An authentic counselor is best described as: a. having the highest regard for all clients. b. being willing to be totally open and self-disclosing. c. being a technical expert who is committed to objectivity.
c. avoid challenging the values of clients. d. avoid the imposition of their values, yet expose their values to clients. - ✔avoid the imposition of their values, yet expose their values to clients The author describes the characteristics of an effective counselor. By including this information in the chapter, he is hoping to convey the message that: a. if you do not possess all of these characteristics, you are doomed to fail in the helping professions. b. deficits in these qualities almost always require years of psychoanalysis. c. you should develop your own concept of what personality traits you think are essential to strive for to promote your own personal growth. d. those who possess all of these qualities can bypass the requirement to participate in clinical supervision. - ✔you should develop your own concept of what personality traits you think are essential to strive for to promote your own personal growth. During an initial session, an adolescent girl tells you that she is pregnant and is considering an abortion. Which of the following would be the most ethical and professional course for you to follow? a. Encourage her to get the abortion as soon as possible, without exploring any other option. b. Steer her toward having her baby and then consider adoption for her baby. c. Suggest that she go to church and pray about her situation. d. Help her to clarify the range of her choices in light of her own values. - ✔Help her to clarify the range of her choices in light of her own values. Culturally encapsulated counselors would be most likely to: a. depend entirely on their own internalized value assumptions about what is good for people. b. have an appreciation for a multicultural perspective in their counseling practice. c. recognize the cultural dimensions their clients bring to therapy. d. accept clients who have a different set of assumptions about life. - ✔depend entirely on their own internalized value assumptions about what is good for people. You are working with an ethnic minority client who is silent during the initial phase of counseling. This silence is probably best interpreted as: a. resistance. b. a manifestation of uncooperative behavior. c. a response consistent with his or her cultural context. d. a clear sign that counseling will not work. - ✔a response consistent with his or her cultural context. Which of the following is not considered an essential skill of an effective culturally competent counselor?
a. being able to modify techniques to accommodate cultural differences b. being able to send and receive both verbal and nonverbal messages accurately c. being able to get clients to intensify their feelings by helping them to vividly reexperience early childhood events d. assuming the role of consultant and change agent - ✔being able to get clients to intensify their feelings by helping them to vividly reexperience early childhood events Which of the following is not considered essential knowledge for a culturally competent counselor? a. knowing how to analyze transference reactions b. understanding the impact of oppression and racist concepts c. being aware of culture-specific methods of helping d. being aware of institutional barriers that prevent minorities from making full use of counseling services in the community - ✔knowing how to analyze transference reactions Essential components of effective multicultural counseling include all of the following except: a. Counselors avoid becoming involved in out-of-office interventions. b. Counselors feel comfortable with their clients' values and beliefs. c. Counselors are aware of how their own biases could affect ethnic minority clients. d. Counselors employ institutional intervention skills on behalf of their clients when necessary or appropriate. - ✔counselors avoid becoming involved in out-of-office interventions. In working with culturally diverse clients, it helps to understand and assess: a. what these clients expect from counseling. b. the degree of acculturation that has taken place. b. the attitudes these clients have about seeking counseling for their personal problems. c. the messages they received from their culture about asking for professional help. e. all of these - ✔what these clients expect from counseling. the degree of acculturation that has taken place. the attitudes these clients have about seeking counseling for their personal problems. the messages they received from their culture about asking for professional help. (all of these) Which of the following is not a method of increasing effectiveness in working with diverse client populations? a. Learn about how your own cultural background has influenced your thinking and behaving. b. Realize that practicing from a multicultural perspective will probably make your job very difficult. c. Be flexible in applying techniques with clients. d. Identify your basic assumptions pertaining to diversity.
The general goals of counselors must be congruent with the personal goals of the client.
- ✔TRUE TRUE OR FALSE: If you try to figure out in advance how to proceed with a client, you may be depriving the client of the opportunity to become an active partner in her or his own therapy. - ✔TRUE TRUE OR FALSE: Counselors from all cultural groups must examine their expectations, attitudes, biases, and assumptions about the counseling process and about persons from diverse groups. - ✔TRUE TRUE OR FALSE: Practitioners must have had the same experiences as their clients in order to have empathy for them. - ✔false TRUE OR FALSE: The skill of immediacy involves revealing what we are thinking or feeling in the here and now with the client. - ✔True TRUE OR FALSE: Ideally, our self-care should mirror the care we provide for others. - ✔True In becoming an ethical practitioner, a crucial task is to: a. learn how to arrive at clear-cut answers for difficult situations. b. identify a specific ethical code as the source of answers to ethical dilemmas. c. learn how to interpret and apply ethical codes to an ethical dilemma. d. avoid making any mistakes in counseling practice. e. discover the correct solution for every ethical dilemma that might arise. - ✔learn how to interpret and apply ethical codes to an ethical dilemma. According to the text, the challenge of providing informed consent consists of: a. telling clients about the nature of confidentiality. b. striking a balance between giving clients too much and too little information about the therapeutic process. c. convincing clients that counselors know what they are doing. d. teaching clients about state laws that pertain to counseling. e. getting clients to read the ethical codes of the profession. - ✔striking a balance between giving clients too much and too little information about the therapeutic process. Many ethical codes state that dual or multiple relationships: a. should be avoided whenever possible. b. are clearly grounds for revocation of one's professional license.
c. are helpful in case of counseling one's friends or relatives. d. are impossible to avoid. e. always result in serious harm to the client. - ✔should be avoided whenever possible. Privileged communication does not apply to a. group counseling b. couples counseling c. family therapy d. child and adolescent therapy e. all of these. - ✔group counseling couples counseling family therapy child and adolescent therapy (all of these) Confidentiality must be breached and information must be reported by practitioners when: a. clients pose a danger to others. b. a child under the age of 16 is the victim of incest, rape, or child abuse. c. an older adult is being abused. d. the therapist determines that the client needs immediate, involuntary hospitalization. e. all of these - ✔clients pose a danger to others. a child under the age of 16 is the victim of incest, rape, or child abuse. an older adult is being abused. the therapist determines that the client needs immediate, involuntary hospitalization. (all of these) Which of the following statements is not true about guidelines for ethical practice in counseling and psychotherapy? a. Most professional organizations provide broad guidelines. b. Therapists ultimately have to discover their own guidelines for reasonable practice. c. Practitioners are free to formulate any ethics they choose. d. Ethical issues should be periodically reexamined throughout your professional life. e. There are differences of opinion among practitioners about how ethical guidelines apply to certain situations. - ✔Practitioners are free to formulate any ethics they choose. Under what circumstances should a therapist consult with colleagues or specialists? a. when a client complains of physical symptoms b. when facing an ethical problem c. when working with a client for an extended period of time and losing objectivity d. all of these - ✔when a client complains of physical symptoms when facing an ethical problem when working with a client for an extended period of time and losing objectivity
needs. Justine is: a. being overly analytical. b. engaging in meaningful self-reflection and self-assessment as a professional. c. self-absorbed and insecure. d. behaving unethically since she is preoccupied during her clients' sessions. - ✔engaging in meaningful self-reflection and self-assessment as a professional. Assessment is a useful method of: a. evaluating a client's current level of functioning. b. forming a case conceptualization. c. involving the client as an active participant in treatment. d. gaining insight into the client's subjective world. e. all of these. - ✔evaluating a client's current level of functioning. forming a case conceptualization. involving the client as an active participant in treatment. gaining insight into the client's subjective world. (all of these) Evidenced-based practices are not: a. based on psychodynamic principles. b. tailored to address specific problems and symptoms. c. founded on empirical research. d. generally time limited. - ✔based on psychodynamic principles. ___ is the view of ethical practice that deals with the minimum level of professional practice. a. Mandatory ethics b. Minimal ethics c. Positive ethics d. Aspirational ethics - ✔Mandatory ethics TRUE OR FALSE: It is optional for therapists to inform their clients that they may discuss certain details of the relationship with a supervisor or a colleague. - ✔FALSE TRUE OR FALSE: Confidentiality can be considered an absolute. - ✔False TRUE OR FALSE: Contemporary therapy approaches are grounded on a core set of values, which are neither value-neutral nor applicable to all cultures. - ✔True TRUE OR FALSE: Overemphasizing cultural differences is always appropriate in a counseling context. - ✔False TRUE OR FALSE: A diagnosis provides a working hypothesis that guides the practitioner in understanding the client. - ✔TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE:
Clinicians who work in community mental health agencies, private practice, and other human service settings are generally expected to assess client problems within the framework of the National Association of Social Workers' Diagnostic and Assessment Protocol Manual (3rd ed.) - ✔FALSE TRUE OR FALSE: Evidence-based practice is a potent force in psychotherapeutic practice today, and it may mandate the types of treatments therapists can offer in the future. - ✔TRUE TRUE OR FALSE: Practice-based evidence involves using data generated during treatment to inform the process and outcome of treatment. - ✔TRUE TRUE OR FALSE: The only setting in which one might be forced to manage multiple roles is in community mental health centers. - ✔FALSE TRUE OR FALSE: The ethics codes mandate avoidance of all dual or multiple relationships. - ✔FALSE TRUE OR FALSE: Multiple relationship issues can be resolved with ethics codes alone. - ✔FALSE TRUE OR FALSE: If you are successful in establishing boundaries in various aspects of your personal life, you have a good foundation for creating sound boundaries with clients. - ✔TRUE TRUE OR FALSE: A boundary crossing could potentially benefit a client. - ✔TRUE TRUE OR FALSE: Becoming an ethical practitioner is not a final destination but a journey that will continue throughout your career. - ✔TRUE TRUE OR FALSE: The American Counseling Association uses the term ―nonprofessional relationships‖ when referring to dual or multiple relationships. - ✔TRUE Evidence suggesting the concept of the unconscious includes:
b. anal stage. c. phallic stage. d. genital stage. - ✔phallic stage Feelings of hostility, destructiveness, anger, rage, and hatred are associated with the: a. oral stage. b. anal stage. c. phallic stage. d. genital stage. - ✔anal stage The basic aim of psychoanalytic therapy is: a. to treat specific learning disorders. b. to change overt behavior. c. to correct irrational thinking. d. to make the unconscious material conscious. - ✔to make the unconscious material conscious. A major characteristic of the classical psychoanalytic therapist is: a. openness and self-disclosure. b. a deeply personal and sharing relationship. c. a sense of being anonymous. d. a focus on specific behavior and an objective appraisal of learned patterns of behavior. - ✔a sense of being anonymous. The ―fundamental rule‖ for the client in psychoanalysis is: a. forming a contract with the therapist. b. willingness to do ―homework assignments. c. participating in free association. d. writing down dreams. - ✔participating in free association. A more flexible variant of psychoanalysis is: a. psychoanalytically oriented psychotherapy b. psychoanalytically oriented reality therapy c. superego-oriented psychotherapy d. psychoanalytic behavior analysis - ✔psychoanalytically oriented psychotherapy The technique whereby the analyst explains the meaning of certain behavior is known as: a. transference. b. rationalization. c. countertransference. d. interpretation. e. free association. - ✔interpretation The concept of resistance can best be described as: a. everything that prevents a client from producing unconscious material. b. that which needs to be analyzed and interpreted.
c. an inevitable part of psychoanalytic therapy. d. an unwillingness to freely share with the analyst certain thoughts and feelings. e. all of these - ✔everything that prevents a client from producing unconscious material. that which needs to be analyzed and interpreted. an inevitable part of psychoanalytic therapy. an unwillingness to freely share with the analyst certain thoughts and feelings. (All of these) A person who manages their anxiety by distorting reality and failing to acknowledge painful events is most likely using: a. introjection. b. sublimation. c. denial. d. compensation. e. undoing. - ✔denial Directing energy toward another object or a person (when anxiety is reduced by focusing on a ―safer target‖) is known as: a. sublimation. b. repression. c. introjection. d. displacement. e. compensation. - ✔displacement Manufacturing ―good‖ reasons to explain away a bruised ego, or to explain away failures or losses, is known as: a. rationalization. b. projection. c. displacement. d. introjection. e. reaction formation. - ✔rationalization The young adult who adopts his parent's outdated political beliefs to avoid unpleasant feelings of anxiety is an example of: a. displacement. b. reaction formation. c. sublimation. d. introjection. e. projection. - ✔introjection The ego defense mechanism that consists of masking perceived weaknesses or developing certain
c. identity vs. role confusion. d. initiative vs. guilt. e. identity vs. shame and doubt. - ✔identity vs. role confusion A person experiencing persistent feelings of inadequacy has probably had difficulty attaining a sense of during the stage. a. intimacy; young adulthood b. identity; adolescent c. integrity; later life d. initiative; preschool age e. industry; school age - ✔industry; school age Jacqueline feels guilty whenever she considers taking a day off from work for personal reasons. Which of the psychic structures postulated by Freud is fueling her guilt feelings? a. The id b. The ego c. The superego - ✔The superego Self psychology and object relations theory emphasize: a. the influence of critical factors in early development on later development. b. the origins, transformations and organizational functions of the self. c. the differentiation between self and others. d. all of these. - ✔the influence of critical factors in early development on later development. the origins, transformations and organizational functions of the self. the differentiation between self and others. (all of these) Which of the following statements is not true with regard to the relational approach to psychoanalysis? a. The approach is based on an egalitarian model. b. There is an exploration of the subjectivities of both client and therapist. c. Countertransference provides rich information about the client's dynamics. d. Therapist anonymity is used to foster the transference relationship. - ✔Therapist anonymity is used to foster the transference relationship. The primary aim of time limited dynamic psychotherapy is to: a. explore sources of childhood trauma. b. deal exclusively with a single presenting problem. c. change the client's repetitive patterns of relating to others. d. bring about catharsis. - ✔change the client's repetitive patterns of relating to others. The main function of the ego is: a. to inhibit id impulses. b. to seek pleasure in life. c. to mediate between the instincts and the surrounding environment.
d. to strive for perfection. - ✔to mediate between the instincts and the surrounding environment. All of the following are true about the superego except: a. It is the judicial branch of personality. b. It is the internalization of the standards of parents and society. c. It represents the ideal. d. It inhibits id impulses. e. It governs, controls and regulates the personality. - ✔It governs, controls and regulates the personality. Henry has the impulse to gamble excessively whenever he goes to Las Vegas. Aware of this, he has decided to turn down a job offer in Las Vegas to avoid the temptation to gamble. What part of Henry's personality helped him to reach this decision? a. The id b. The ego c. The superego - ✔The ego If a person becomes fixated in the oral stage of development, later personality problems may include: a. rejecting others' love. b. fear of intimate relationships. c. mistrust of others. d. all of these. e. none of these. - ✔rejecting others' love. fear of intimate relationships. mistrust of others. (all of these) According to Erickson, the basic struggle of early childhood involves: a. autonomy vs. shame and doubt. b. initiative vs. guilt. c. identity vs. role confusion. d. trust vs. mistrust. e. intimacy vs. isolation. - ✔autonomy vs. shame and doubt. The developmental crisis involving initiative vs. guilt occurs during the: a. school age b. early childhood stage. c. preschool age. d. adolescence. e. later life. - ✔preschool age. A person who is suffering from feelings of alienation and isolation has probably failed to achieve a sense of ___ during the ___ stage of development. a. identity; adolescence
