The Theory of Joyce Travelbee Human to Human Relationship Model, Slides of Nursing

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The Theory of

Joyce Travelbee

Human-to-Human Relationship Model

by

Pamela Salisbury Smith RN

Understanding Theory  Theory gave rise in nursing history, as nurses moved forward in developing nursing as a profession and an academic discipline^2  Nurses began focusing on specialized knowledge to guide nursing practice^2  Theory is a collection of ideas that explain that which is real in existence, and can be demonstrated^3  Nursing theorists have been influenced by such disciplines as anthropology and sociology^3  21 st^ century based nursing theory practice uses models, philosophies, and theories 2  Theory, if we are to continue moving forward, must be a prerequisite for the survival of our profession 2

Human-to-Human Relationship Model

 The need for a “Humanistic Revolution” in nursing, with a renewed

devotion on caring and compassion for patients

4

 Assist the person, family, or community to avert or palliate the

experiences of sickness and suffering—instilling hope as a maximum goal

4

 Hope being a mental state with a yearning to finalize or reach a purpose,

with an expectation of gaining that which is desired

4

 Concept of hope would evolve from psychiatric nursing to patients with

chronic illnesses, requiring long-term care

4

 To understand the ill patient, is to recognize the person’s uniqueness^4

 The nurse’s spiritual values and philosophical beliefs, toward suffering,

would be a driving force in helping people to find meaning in their

illnesses

1

Human-to-Human Relationship Model  The therapeutic use of self in communicating and establishing relationships^4  Finding meaning, during interactions, is essential to the nurse and patient relationship^4  Human-to-Human relationships serve to define and make proficient the practice of nursing^4  Recognizing the importance of sympathy, as well as empathy, in order to develop human-to-human relationships 4  A nurse exhibiting sympathy is an act of courage because the nurse is risking pain, and one should recognize the dangers involved in sympathy, such as over-identification, a distorted sense of pity, causing harm to the patient, becoming too soft hearted, or being will paralyzer to the patient^4  Involves working through the phases of initial encounter, emerging identity, empathy, sympathy, and rapport^4

Phases of the Nurse-Patient Relationship  Rapport : The phase of rapport is the end result of all phases. An accumulation of thoughts, experiences, feelings, and attitudes, involving both nurse and patient, that they can share, perceive, and communicate, resulting in a therapeutic relationship^4  Travelbee defined her place in history as a pioneer of nursing theory, because she used a different approach, the human-to-human relationship between nurse and patient, as she synthesized her unique ideas that differentiated her work from that of other theorists^4

The Relationship to My Profession  Travelbee’s Phase of the Nurse – Patient Relationship is exactly how I practice nursing on a daily basis—it is who I am, without ever thinking about it  The human-to-human relationship model of nursing, in my opinion, is a tool for gaining trust, acknowledging respect for others, and showing that empathy and sympathy are important factors for relationships to be successful and sustaining, offering a sense of foreseeable well being for the patient, family, or the community  I take pride in being able to exhibit this on a daily basis, and it is a belief of Buddhists that people can achieve compassion with such a skill that it happens without effort, being unconditional and universal in practice 6

References

1. Alligood, M., R. (2014). Nursing Theorists and Their Work. Mosby, Inc., 50.
2. Alligood, M., R. (2014). Nursing Theory: Utilization & Application. Mosby, Inc., 2-7.
3. Blais, K., K., & Hayes, J., S. (2011). Professional Nursing Practice: Concepts and Perspectives, 6th^ ed., Pearson Education, Inc., 97-99.
4. Butts, J., B. & Rich, K., L. (2011). Philosophies and Theories for Advanced Nursing Practice. Jones and Barlett Learning, LLC, 280 - 283.
5. Cosgrove, T. (2013, February 27). Empathy : The Human Connection to Patient Caring [ Video file ]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cDDWvj_q-o8. 6 ) Rich, K. (2003). Revisiting Joyce Travelbee’s Question: What’s Wrong With Sympathy? Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association , 9(6), 202-203.