The Anatomy and Classification of Plants: Roots, Stems, Leaves, and Reproduction, Study Guides, Projects, Research of Plant Morphology

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The Structure of Plants

 3 main parts: 1.Roots- take in water and nutrients from the soil. 2.Stems- move water and nutrients from the roots to the leaves. 3.Leaves- capture the energy of sunlight and use it to make food for the plant All plants are producers – they make their own food.

Photosynthesis  Plants take in water from the soil and carbon dioxide gas from the air.  In the leaves, a green material called chlorophyll traps sunlight. The energy of sunlight changes water and carbon dioxide into sugar and oxygen.  Plants then use the sugar for food and release the oxygen into the air. photosynthesis video- study jams

Flower: Makes seeds for the plant. Stem: supports the plant. It contains thin tubes for carrying food, minerals, and water. Leaves: make food for the plant. They take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen into the air. Roots: soak up water and minerals. They also store food for the plant.

Vascular: means “ having tubes ”. o Xylem – Tubes that carry water and nutrients from the roots to the leaves. o Phloem – Tubes that carry food from the leaves to the rest of the plant. o Examples: trees, grasses, and most garden plants. Video: Colored Flowers

Water in the tubes

hold the plant upright

and when the weather

is dry, plants use up

the water in their

tubes, and then the

plant wilts.

o Example: mosses and liverworts grow low to the ground in moist places like under rocks or the trunks of trees. o They have tiny threads that hold the plants in place but these “roots” do not take up water.

Seeds or spores Another way to classify plants is by how they reproduce, or make new living things of the same kind.

Spores

 Some plants reproduce from spores. A spore is a plant cell that can grow into a new plant.  Mosses reproduce from spores as well as ferns and some other vascular plants.  Spores form on the leaves, or fronds , of ferns. When a spore drops off into the soil, it may grow into a new plant. Plants without seeds - video

 Coniferous: Plants that form seeds in cones. They are also evergreens. They do not lose their leaves in the winter. o Ex. A pine tree : it’s needle shaped leaves stay on the tree all year long.

Deciduous: tree that loses its leaves before winter.

• They compare plants’ roots, stems and leaves.
• Leaves have many different shapes and sizes.
• The vein patterns in leaves are also different.

• Flowering plants have different kind of flowers and seeds.
• Flowers have different sizes, shapes, and colors. Poppy seeds are small, round, and black. Avocado seed is big, egg-shaped, and brown Scientist use these differences and others to classify plants