THE SKIN | ANATOMICAL,PHYSIOLOGICAL AND CLINICAL EXPLANATION WITH WELL LABELLED DIAGRAMS|, Study notes of Anatomy

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The skin

The skin

364 Fig 174

The main structures of the skin

Fig 175

The sensory nerves of the dermis

The skin

1. 2. EpidermisDermis
2. 4. Sensory nerve (transmitting sensory signals to the spinal cord and the brain)Sensory nerve endings Comments Anatomical: The skin is a sensory organ. The dermis, lying between the epidermis and the subcutaneous tissue, contains specialised nerve endings sensitive to touch, temperature (cold or hot), pressure and pain. Physiological: different types of stimuli. If there are different types of stimuli, there are also various types of receptors sensitive to light pressure, strong pressure or pain. The nerve endings are the sensory receptors and are activated by Nerve impulses are transmitted first by the sensory nerves to the spinal cord and then to the sensory areas of the brain. Clinical: damage to the dermis, as with a second-degree burn, the feeling of pain persists; however, this is lost in cases of third-degree burn because the sensory nerve Any sensory loss is a clinical sign that deserves attention. In cases of endings have been destroyed.

The skin

1. 2. Free nail edgeLunule
2. 4. CuticleNail plate
3. 6. CuticleNail
4. 8. 9. Nail bedFree nail edgeDistal phalanx
5. 11. Subcutaneous fatNail root Comments Anatomical: The nails, the epidermis and the hairs are derived from the same type of cells. Physiological: The nail grows from the basal layer of the epidermis, which is the nail bed. The cuticle, covering the nail, becomes the lunule, which is a white patch continuous with the nail plate and the free nail end. Consisting of a plate of cornified keratin, the nail protects the extremities of the fingers and the toes. Clinical: the temperature rises. Signs of disease of the nails include changes in nail colour, such as whitening or yellowing at their lateral margins or at their distal edges, as Fingernails grow faster than toenails, and their growth rate increases as well as any sign of brittleness, looseness or thickening. Clubbing of the fingers, due to a deformation of the nails, which become rounded and shiny like a watch glass, is mostly observed during the progression of some lung diseases, such as tumours and fibrotic disorders of the lung, but also with some gastrointestinal diseases (e.g., Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, cirrhosis of the liver) and some cardiac conditions.

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