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Properties of Matter: A Comprehensive Guide, Study notes of Chemistry

Explore the fundamental concepts of matter, including its different types, qualitative and quantitative properties, and physical and chemical characteristics. Learn about mass, volume, energy, living and non-living matter, and the five senses used to describe substances. Discover the importance of clarity, color, odor, texture, hardness, melting point, boiling point, solubility, viscosity, and more.

Typology: Study notes

2021/2022

Uploaded on 09/12/2022

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The Properties of Matter
Matter is anything that has mass.
Mass: the property of a body that causes it to have weight in a gravitational field (mass = the amount of
matter in an object).
Volume: the amount of 3-dimensional space that an object takes up.
Energy: the ability to do work (chemical, light, heat, nuclear ...)
There are two types of matter
1 . Living Matter: (Plants, Animals, Bacteria ...)
2 . No n -Living Matter: (Rocks, Plastic, Water ...)
Qualitative Property: is a characteristic of a substance that can be described but not measured.
Taste
You use your five senses to make qualitative observations.
You can describe matter using the following terms. Since qualitative properties are
not specific o r characteristic to any type of m atter, the more terms you us e to
describe a substance the better.
To describe a ll substances:
·clarity - transparent (clear), translucent (cloudy), opaque
·colour - colourless, red, orange, blue, white, etc
·odour - odourless, sweet, sour, burnt, aromatic, fragrant,
nauseating, sharp, acrid, choking
To describe solids only:
·texture - crystalline, granular, waxy, flaky
·lustre - shiny, dull, metallic, greasy, glassy
·hardness - hard, soft, flexible, brittle
To describe liquids only: viscosity
Smell
Hearing
Sight
Touch
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The Properties of Matter

Matter is anything that has mass.

Mass: the property of a body that causes it to have weight in a gravitational field (mass = the amount of

matter in an object).

Volume: the amount of 3-dimensional space that an object takes up.

Energy: the ability to do work (chemical, light, heat, nuclear ...)

There are two types of matter

1. Living Matter: (Plants, Animals, Bacteria ...)

2. Non -Living Matter: (Rocks, Plastic, W ater ...)

Qualitative Property: is a characteristic of a substance that can be described but not measured.

Taste

You use your five senses to make qualitative observations. You can describe matter using the following terms. Since qualitative properties are not specific or characteristic to any type of matter, the more terms you use to describe a substance the better.

To describe all substances:

∑ clarity - transparent (clear), translucent (cloudy), opaque

∑ colour - colourless, red, orange, blue, white, etc

∑ odour - odourless, sweet, sour, burnt, aromatic, fragrant,

nauseating, sharp, acrid, choking

To describe solids only:

∑ texture - crystalline, granular, waxy, flaky

∑ lustre - shiny, dull, metallic, greasy, glassy

∑ hardness - hard, soft, flexible, brittle

To describe liquids only : viscosity

Smell

Hearing

Sight

Touch

Quantitative Property: is a characteristic of a substance that can be measured numerically.

A measurement always consists of:

∑ a number or value

∑ an estimate of the last digit

∑ a unit of measure

Physical Properties: are the properties that do not involve the making of new substances.

Physical Properties are things like ...

∑ Colour

∑ Texture

∑ Shape

∑ Hardness

∑ Odour

∑ Melting point

∑ Boiling Point

∑ Lustre

∑ Density

∑ Transmission of Light

∑ Clarity (transparent/opaque)

∑ Taste

∑ State (solid/liquid/gas)

Hardness : the measure of the resistance of a solid to being scratched or dented

M elting Point : temperature which the solid form of a substance becomes liquid

Boiling Point : temperature which the liquid form of a substance becomes a gas

Solubility : the ability of a substance to dissolve in a solvent like water

Viscosity: the measure of how easily a liquid substance flows. (the thicker the liquid the more viscous it is)

Characteristic Physical Properties: The physical properties of a substance that make that substance different from most other substances are called the characteristic physical properties of that substance. Things boiling point, melting point and density are all characteristic physical properties.

Chemical Properties: are the properties that involve the formation of a new substance. (example: when iron rusts or propane burns)

Chemical Properties are things like ...

o Combustibility: the ability of a substance to burn (requires oxygen)

o Flammable: the ability of a substance to burn when exposed to a flame

o Light Sensitivity: the ability of a substance to change to a new substance in the presence of visible light

o Corrosion , Bleaching Abilty , Reaction of an Acid with a Base

HMWK: Pg 177 State FIVE evidences of a chemical CHANGE.. .; question on lab exam

Pg 178 #2 - 10