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The origins of Emotional Intelligence theory, Slides of Social Intelligence

Emotional intelligence (EI) refers to the ability to perceive, control, ... Daniel Goleman's book 'Emotional Intelligence: Why It Can Matter More Than IQ' ...

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2021/2022

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The origins of Emotional Intelligence theory
Overview
Emotional intelligence (EI) refers to the ability to perceive, control, and evaluate
emotions. It has been suggested that EQ, the ‘emotion quotient, or measure of
emotional intelligence, is even more important than the somewhat less controversial
intelligence quotient or IQ.
Emotional intelligence didn't become popular as a term until around 1990 and interest
has grown tremendously over the last 30 years. As early as the 1930s,
psychologist Edward Thorndike described the concept of "social intelligence" as the
ability to get along with other people. During the 1940s, psychologist David Wechsler
proposed that different components of intelligence could play an important role in how
successful people are in life.
The 1950s saw the rise of humanistic psychology with the likes of Abraham
Maslow focusing on the different ways that people could build emotional strength. In
the mid-1970s, Howard Gardner introduced the idea that intelligence was more than
just a single, general ability.
The emergence of Emotional Intelligence
It was not until 1985 that the term emotional intelligence was first used in a doctoral
dissertation by Wayne Payne. In 1987, an article published by Keith Beasley in Mensa
Magazine uses the term emotional quotient. Reuven Bar-On1, an Israeli psychologist
proposed a quantitative approach to creating “an EQ comparable to an IQ score” in the
first copy of his doctoral dissertation, which was submitted in 1985. In 1990,
psychologists Peter Salovey and John Mayer2 published their landmark article,
Emotional Intelligence,in the journal Imagination, Cognition, and Personality.
In 1995, the concept of emotional intelligence was popularised after the publication of
Daniel Goleman’s book Emotional Intelligence: Why It Can Matter More Than IQ which
we have used as the basis for EI content in our Organisational Leadership Skills course.
Below is an overview of a couple of the other prominent models mentioned above in the
development of EI theory.
1The Bar-On concept of emotional and social intelligence
Bar-On's model described emotional and social competencies that determine how
effective individuals are at understanding and expressing themselves, understanding
others and interacting with them as well as coping with daily demands and challenges.
These competencies are clustered into the following five meta-factors the ability to:
1. Be aware of emotions as well as to understand and express feelings
2. Understand how others feel and interact with them
3. Manage and control emotions
4. Manage change, adapt and solve problems of a personal/ interpersonal nature
5. Generate positive effect to enhance self-motivation, in order to facilitate
emotionally and socially intelligent behaviour.
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The origins of Emotional Intelligence theory

Overview Emotional intelligence (EI) refers to the ability to perceive, control, and evaluate emotions. It has been suggested that EQ, the ‘emotion quotient , or measure of emotional intelligence, is even more important than the somewhat less controversial ‘intelligence quotient or IQ. Emotional intelligence didn't become popular as a term until around 1990 and interest has grown tremendously over the last 30 years. As early as the 1930s, psychologist Edward Thorndike described the concept of "social intelligence" as the ability to get along with other people. During the 1940s, psychologist David Wechsler proposed that different components of intelligence could play an important role in how successful people are in life. The 1950s saw the rise of humanistic psychology with the likes of Abraham Maslow focusing on the different ways that people could build emotional strength. In the mid-1970s, Howard Gardner introduced the idea that intelligence was more than just a single, general ability. The emergence of Emotional Intelligence It was not until 1985 that the term ‘emotional intelligence’ was first used in a doctoral dissertation by Wayne Payne. In 1987, an article published by Keith Beasley in Mensa Magazine uses the term ‘emotional quotient.’ Reuven Bar-On^1 , an Israeli psychologist proposed a quantitative approach to creating “an EQ comparable to an IQ score” in the first copy of his doctoral dissertation, which was submitted in 1985. In 1990, psychologists Peter Salovey and John Mayer^2 published their landmark article, ‘Emotional Intelligence,’ in the journal ‘Imagination, Cognition, and Personality’. In 1995, the concept of emotional intelligence was popularised after the publication of Daniel Goleman’s book ‘Emotional Intelligence: Why It Can Matter More Than IQ’ which we have used as the basis for EI content in our Organisational Leadership Skills course. Below is an overview of a couple of the other prominent models mentioned above in the development of EI theory. (^1) The Bar-On concept of emotional and social intelligence Bar-On's model described emotional and social competencies that determine how effective individuals are at understanding and expressing themselves, understanding others and interacting with them as well as coping with daily demands and challenges. These competencies are clustered into the following five meta-factors – the ability to:

  1. Be aware of emotions as well as to understand and express feelings
  2. Understand how others feel and interact with them
  3. Manage and control emotions
  4. Manage change, adapt and solve problems of a personal/ interpersonal nature
  5. Generate positive effect to enhance self-motivation, in order to facilitate emotionally and socially intelligent behaviour.

These five meta-factors comprise a total of 15 factors.

  • Interpersonal relationships
  • Empathy
  • Social responsibility
  • Problem-solving
  • Reality testing
  • Impulse control
  • Emotional expression
  • Assertiveness
  • Independence
  • Self-regard
  • Self-actualisation
  • Emotional self-awareness
  • Flexibility
  • Stress tolerance
  • Optimism (^2) Mayer and Salovey developmental model of Emotional Intelligence The Mayer and Salovey developmental model of emotional intelligence comprises four branches:
  1. The ability to perceive emotions in oneself and others accurately.
  2. The ability to use emotions to facilitate thinking.
  3. The ability to understand emotions , emotional language and the signals conveyed by emotions.
  4. The ability to manage emotions so as to attain specific goals.