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IDT Project Paper Guidelines – January, 2007
These guidelines are a compilation from both the Graduate Studies office and Department of Psychology and Special Education. The APA manual stresses “thesis” and “dissertation,” whereas IDT’s requirement is for an academic paper. The accompanying Notes, in blue, are additional explanations that may or may not have been discussed in the APA manual. APA Format Guidelines--Synopsis of 5th Edition American Psychological Association (2001). Publication manual of the american psychological association (5th ed.). Washington, DC: Author. [Note: The “author,” i.e., American Psychological Association has the beginning letters in caps, but in titles only the first word is capitalized; or first word after a colon :; or proper nouns.] [Note: When the author and publisher are identical, use the term Author as the name of the publisher.] [Note: First line is flush left, additional lines are indented.] [Note: Current APA style dictates that papers are written in “first person,” not “third person” as in previous standards] [Note: The following CHAPTER organization is recommended for IDT papers, but it is not absolutely required. Again, consult the chair of your committee.] [Note: A “running head” is not utilized in the document.]
The Organization and Page Numbering of the Masters Paper in Instructional Design & Technology (Customized APA format) The written component of each project will consist of a minimum of 15 and a maximum of 20 pages (excluding title page(s) and appendices). The parts of your paper should be ordered as follows: Title Page - page not numbered Abstract (optional) - page not numbered and not included in page numbering Table of Contents - page not numbered and not included in page numbering Chapter 1 - Introduction (with statement of the problem) start page numbering with 1 in upper right hand corner of the page [Note: Use View>Headers and Footers> then >insert page numbers to NOT start with the title page.] Chapter 2 – Review of the literature (always a high priority of the IDT faculty) Chapter 3 – Design model (normally, the instructional design model, but can be adapted to fit the project) Chapter 4 – Results Chapter 5 - Conclusion (with findings, recommendations) References Appendices I. General Instructions for Text Fonts: The text should all be set at 12 pt. The body should use a serif font, Times Roman or Times New Roman. The headings and title page should be the sans serif font, Arial. Margins: Type every page of a manuscript with a minimum of a 1 in. margin on all sides. Justification: Do not justify the right margin. Indentation: Indent each paragraph with a five-to-seven-space indent. For consistency, use the tab key.
[Note The next line(s) is indented.] Same author, same year, multiple articles Paivio, A. (1977a). Automatic perception. Memory & Cognition, 5, 934-956. [Note: When the author and date are the same, add a letter suffix based upon the alphabetical order of the article title or next element. The word, “Automatic”, comes alphabetically before the word, “Direct”, in the next reference. This applies to all references on the reference page.] Paivio, A. (1977b). Direct perception. Memory & Cognition, 6, 333-345. Multiple authors Horowitz, L. M., Post, D. L., Prench, R .S., Wallis, K. D., & Siegelman, E. P. (1981). The prototype as a construct in abnormal psychology: 2. Clarifying disagreement in psychiatric judgments. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 90, 575-585. References to Internet Articles Internet articles based on a print source VandenBos, G. Knapp, S., & Doe, J. (2001). Role of reference elements in the selection of resources by psychology undergradues [Electronic version]. Journal of Bibliographic Research, 5, 117-123. Article in an Internet-only journal Frederickson, B.L. (2000, March 7). Cultivating positive emotions to optimize health and well-being. Prevention & Treatment, 3, Article 0001a. Retrieved November 20, 2004, from http://journals.apa.org/prevention/volume3/pre0030001a.html [Note: Since IDT papers are placed online, IDT has decided that URL’s should be “live links,” i.e., shown in blue, and be working links at that time. APA itself
makes no mention of this, and by default Word shows them live.] Multipage document created by private organization, no date Greater New Milford (Ct) Area Healthy Community 2000, Task Force on Teen and Adolescent Issues. (n.d.). Who has time for a family meal? You do! Retrieved October 5, 2000, from http://www.familymealtime.org References obtained electronically through a subscription service (e.g., a library) Eid, M., & Langeheine, R. (1999). The measurement of consistency and occasion specificity with latent class models: A new model and its application to the measurement of affect. Psychological Methods, 4, 100-116. Retrieved November 19, 2000, from the PsycARTICLES database. [Note: The first letter after a colon : in a title is capitalized.] References to Books No Author College bound seniors. (1979). Princeton, NJ: College Board Publications. One Author Bernstein, T. M. (1965). The careful writer: A modern guide to English usage. New York: Atheneum Corporate author or group author American Psychiatric Association. (1980). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: Author. Edited book Letheridge, S., & Cannon, C. R. (Eds.). (1980). Bilingual education: Teaching English
III. Text Citations Personal Communications - may be letters, memos, some electronic communications, interviews, phone calls, nonarchived discussion groups, etc. These are included only in the text, since they do not provide recoverable data. Provide as exact a date as possible. Example: Jukes, I. (personal communication, March 30, 2004) Using an acronym : Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-III (WAIS-III; Wechsler, 1999) Use et al. after you have fully cited a reference with three to five others Use et al. every time when you have six or more authors IV. Problem References Ackerman, T. (1998). Wechsler Individual Achievement Test. In J. C. Impara & B. S. Plake (Eds.), The thirteenth mental measurements yearbook (pp. 1125-1128). Lincoln, NE: Buros Institute of Mental Measurements of the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. V. Other APA Format Issues Present each table on a separate page following the page of text which first makes reference to the table. This is an exception to APA style. Also, make sure decimals for numbers in your tables line up. Present each figure on a separate page following the page of text which first makes reference to the figure. This is an exception to APA style. [Note: IDT allows you to exercise judgment here., If using a small figure or table, it can easily be incorporated with text onto a page. However, do NOT allow page breaks to “split” any figures or tables.] Exceptions to APA style: You should NOT follow APA Format when completing the following aspects of your document:
A. Running head and page headers are not included in the paper. B. Page numbering - Start numbering with page 1 of Chapter 1, putting the number in the upper right corner of the page. The page number should be at the 1 inch position. D. Tables and figures on separate pages. These pages should appear in the paper immediately after the page on which the table or figure is first referenced.
Using Headings in Your Paper The following guidelines about levels of headings to use in your paper overrule the guidelines found in the A merican Psychological Association Publication Manual (5th^ ed.) because 1) the Level 5 heading (ALL WORDS IN CAPS), which is rarely used in journal articles, is constantly used in graduate papers, and 2) the APA guidelines specify that a Level 5 heading be used only if the other four levels have been used, and a paper rarely has all five levels. Therefore, please adhere to the following rules as you prepare the chapters of your paper. If a paper chapter uses three levels: Use Level 5 heading for CHAPTERS 1, 2, 3, and 4 and INTRODUCTION, METHOD, RESULTS, and DISCUSSION headings. Then use Level 3 heading, which is flush left, italicized, uppercase and lowercase, and the text starts on next line. Then use Level 4 heading, which is indented five spaces, italicized, lowercase except for the first word, and ending with a period. The text starts two spaces after the period. Example: CHAPTER 2 METHOD [Note: Single spaced between these headings.] Participants Materials Rating form. The rating form consisted of If a chapter uses four levels: Use Level 5 heading for CHAPTERS 1, 2, 3, and 4 and INTRODUCTION, METHOD, RESULTS, and DISCUSSION headings. Then use Level 1 heading, which is centered and mixed uppercase and lowercase Then use Level 3 heading, which is flush left, italicized, mixed uppercase and lowercase, and the text starts on next line. Then use Level 4 heading, which is indented five spaces, italicized, lowercase except for the first word, and ending with a period. The text starts two spaces after the period. Example: CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Review of the Literature Semantic Network Theory Mood congruity hypothesis. This hypothesis proposes that…………..
General Guidelines and Common Errors The following is a list of the typical problems the Office of Graduate Studies and Research has found in papers/theses. In IDT, each paper is placed online, so we want each one to be as perfect as possible. .A paragraph must have more than one sentence. .Extra space between words and sentences must be eliminated. .Headings for each chapter must be consistent throughout the paper. Chapter headings and numbers must all be upper case or the first letters upper case followed by lower case. .Margins must be correct throughout the paper. .Pages must be numbered correctly. .A reference cited in the body of the paper must be included in the reference list. Likewise, a listed reference must be cited in the paper. References and citations of them must have the correct spelling of the author and the correct date of publication. .For APA style, each table or figure must have a heading and must be on its own separate page. [Note: IDT allows you to exercise judgment here, If using a small figure or table, it can easily be incorporated with text onto a page. However, do NOT allow page breaks to “split” any figures or tables.] .Partial/incomplete sentences are not acceptable. .A paragraph should end at the bottom of a page when less than one line would go on the top of the new page. ."Who" refers to a person. "That" never refers to a person. Example: Bill is the person who .When deciding to use "which" or "that," "which" is used with a phrase that could be set off by commas. ."That" is used too many times and makes it wordy and awkward. The correct form should be "The man said he was going home." Not "The man said that he was going home.”
