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Military Operation Plan: Analysis of Terrain, Enemy Forces, and Weather, Study notes of Communication

University of Bridgeport (UB)Communication

The components of a military operation order, focusing on the importance of analyzing terrain, enemy forces, and weather in ensuring mission success. It includes sections on task organization, weather data, terrain analysis, enemy force identification, and probable courses of action.

Typology: Study notes

2021/2022

Uploaded on 09/27/2022

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United States Volunteers-Joint Services Command
Official Headquarters Website
□ The Operation Order – OPORD
Task Organization: States how the unit is organized for the operation and gives who is the main effort. The leader
sufficiently weighs the main effort for each mission (for example, machine guns and antiarmor weapons) to ensure
success.
I. Situation: Provides information essential to subordinate leader's understanding of the situation.
A. Enemy Forces
1. Weather and light data general forecast for the length of the operation: temp erature (high & low), sunrise, sunset,
moonrise, moonset, moon phase, % illumination, wind speed, wind direction, BMNT, EENT.
Note: You must focus on the effects of weather on military operations rather than the factors that make up the analysis.
That is, how does it effect you and your troops on this mission? These types of evaluations are more readily usable by your
troops than statements such as "...3 inches of rain over the next 24 to 48 hours..."
2. Terrain: use the acronym OCOKA to analyze terrain
3. Identification of enemy forces (composition). (is he armored, mechanized, motorized, or light? what do es that mean to
the operation?)
4. Location(s): Known and suspected (disposition). (give grids or relative locations such as 2 KMs to the north)
5. Activity. (is he attacking, retreating, defending, patrolling, etc. ?)
6. Strength(squad, platoon, or company strength), morale (hi or low?), equipment (crew-served weapons, ma chine guns,
anti-tank weapons?) and capab ilities (Th ey are capable of reinforcing with a plato on in 30 minutes)
7. Probable course(s) of action when contacted (Will they fight, disperse, retreat, attack?)
B. Friendly Forces
1. Mission and concept of next higher unit (from his pa ragraph 2) to include higher leader's intent (from his paragraph 3)
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Download Military Operation Plan: Analysis of Terrain, Enemy Forces, and Weather and more Study notes Communication in PDF only on Docsity!

United States Volunteers-Joint Services Command

Official Headquarters Website

□ The Operation Order – OPORD

Task Organization : States how the unit is organized for the operation and gives who is the main effort. The leader sufficiently weighs the main effort for each mission (for example, machine guns and antiarmor weapons) to ensure success. I. Situation: Provides information essential to subordinate leader's understanding of the situation. A. Enemy Forces

  1. Weather and light data general forecast for the length of the operation: temperature (high & low), sunrise, sunset, moonrise, moonset, moon phase, % illumination, wind speed, wind direction, BMNT, EENT. Note: You must focus on the effects of weather on military operations rather than the factors that make up the analysis. That is, how does it effect you and your troops on this mission? These types of evaluations are more readily usable by your troops than statements such as "...3 inches of rain over the next 24 to 48 hours..."
  2. Terrain: use the acronym OCOKA to analyze terrain
  3. Identification of enemy forces (composition). (is he armored, mechanized, motorized, or light? what does that mean to the operation?)
  4. Location(s): Known and suspected (disposition). (give grids or relative locations such as 2 KMs to the north)
  5. Activity. (is he attacking, retreating, defending, patrolling, etc. ?)
  6. Strength(squad, platoon, or company strength), morale (hi or low?), equipment (crew-served weapons, machine guns, anti-tank weapons?) and capabilities (They are capable of reinforcing with a platoon in 30 minutes)
  7. Probable course(s) of action when contacted (Will they fight, disperse, retreat, attack?) B. Friendly Forces
  8. Mission and concept of next higher unit (from his paragraph 2) to include higher leader's intent (from his paragraph 3)

Home

Join Us

About USV‐JSC

USV‐JSC Units

Events &

Activities

Announcements

Drill Calendar

Newsletter

Annual Report

Our History

USV‐JSC Regs

For the Troops

Photo Gallery

Members Only

Useful Links

  1. Location and planned actions of units to the left, right, front, and rear (from higher leader's Tasks to Maneuver Units in paragraph 3). State how such actions influence your unit, particularly adjacent unit patrols. Point out their locations on the terrain model
  2. Units providing fire support: List the fire support mean available to your unit: company or battalion mortars, artillery, CAS (Close Air Support), Naval Gunfire, etc. C. Attachments/Detachments Attachment: Anyone not normally a part of your unit that is attached for the mission. Detachment: Anyone normally part of your unit that is not going on the mission for some reason. II. Mission This is a clear, concise statement of the unit's task(s) to be accomplished and the purpose for doing it (who, what, when, where, why, and how). The mission is always stated twice in full. When you give WHEN it's best to give an actual clock hard time (i.e., NLT 1030 hrs. rather than NLT 50 minutes from now) III. Execution ntent A stated vision that defines the purpose of an operation and the end state with respect to the relationship among the force, the enemy, and the terrain. It affords the subordinates the ability to accomplish the mission in the absence of additional guidance, orders, or communication. A. Concept of the Operation: This paragraph describes, in general terms, how the unit will accomplish its task(s) from start to finish. It should identify all mission essential tasks, the decisive points of action, and the main effort. This paragraph should be no longer that six sentences. Here is where you tell a quick, general story about how you envision the mission step-by-step from the AA (assembly area), to the ORP (objective rally point), then to the OBJ (objective), and back to the ORP. example: We will move out of the AA on a 190 degree azimuth for 50m in a team wedge, squad in column, in traveling formation to the line of departure. After moving 150m past the Line of Departure, we will conduct a 3 min listening halt. After which, we will move on a 190 degree azimuth for 500m where we will establish our ORP, during movement we will establish rally points every 100m. We have one linear danger area which we will cross as per our SOP. We will halt the squad at the tentative ORP location near this hill (pointing to the terrain model) then I will Look for a suitable ORP (remember: cover and concealed, defendable, off of key terrain, and off the natural line of drift--sometimes you will only be able to find one

Cover special teams in this area. Go over the names of the people on the team and task and purpose for each team: assault, support, security, R&S, EPW(Enemy Prisoner of War), Aid and Litter, Demolition, surveillance. Also detail your instructions to individuals such as primary / alternate paceman and primary / alternate compassman. C. Tasks to Combat Support Units This paragraph is similar to paragraph III.B except that it describes how combat support units will be employed. D. Coordinating Instructions This paragraph lists the details of coordination and control applicable to two or more units/sub-units. Items that might be addressed include:

  1. Order of movement, formations, and movement techniques. Use a sketch/terrain model
  2. Actions at halts (short/long). - SOP
  3. Routes (primary/alternate). - Give the hard azimuth and distance
  4. Departure and reentry of friendly lines.
  5. Rally points and actions at rally points (specify either IRP(initial rally point), ORP, PB (patrol base), or RRP(re-entry rally point) and include grid coordinates and/or terrain references).
  6. Actions at danger areas (other than unit SOPs).
  7. Actions on enemy contact (other than unit SOPs).
  8. Reorganization and consolidation instructions (other than unit SOPs).
  9. Fire distribution measures: point fires vs. area fires for all weapons systems (M16, M249, M60, etc.)
  10. Fire control measures: cover what you want them to shoot at in order (i.e. crew served weapons then radio operators, then leaders), sectors of fire to include TRPs (target reference points), visual/sound signals.
  11. MOPP levels.
  12. Troop safety and operational exposure guidance.
  13. Time schedules (rehearsals, backbriefs, inspections, movement). Give who must be there, when, where, and what you'll rehearse (actions on the objective are priority!)
  14. Priority Intelligence Requirements (PIR).
  1. Debriefing requirements.
  2. Reports. When do you want to get ACE and SALUTE reports? (after all contact with the enemy)
  3. Rules of Engagement (ROE). When to start shooting. If you are in an ambush, do you shoot at one soldier walking down the road alone? do you engage a battalion going along the road with your squad? IV. Service Support This paragraph supplies the critical logistical information required to sustain the unit during the operation. A. General
  4. SOPs in effect for sustainment operations.
  5. Current and proposed trains/resupply/cache points.
  6. Casualty and damaged equipment. CCPs (casualty collection points), location of the medevac PZ (Pickup Zone)
  7. Special instructions for medical personnel. (triage requirements, 9-line medevac procedures) B. Material and Services
  8. Supply: a. Class I: Subsistence. (Food and water) b. Class II: Clothing and individual equipment. c. Class III: POL. d. Class IV: Construction. e. Class V: Ammunition. f. Class VI: Personal Demand Items. g. Class VII: Major End Items. (special items - which go with what team - i.e. claymores go with the assault team) h. Class VIII: Medical. i. Class IX: Repair parts. j. Class X: Agriculture/Economic Development. k. Distribution Methods. (platoon sergeant, squad leaders, team leaders)
  9. Transportation.
  10. Services (laundry, showers, etc.).
  11. Maintenance (weapons, equipment, vehicles). Priority of work and the plan to maintain equipment. C. Medical Evacuation: