The New Deal Era: Franklin D. Roosevelt's Response to the Great Depression, Study Guides, Projects, Research of United States History

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APUSH

REVIEWED!

American Pageant (Kennedy) Chapter 33

American History (Brinkley) Chapter 23-

America’s History (Henretta) Chapter 23

GREAT DEPRESSION &

NEW DEAL

• Herbert Hoover runs for

reelection as the Republican

candidate

• Reconstruction Finance Corp.
• Franklin Roosevelt is chosen as

the Democratic party candidate

• Promises a “New Deal”
• No clear plan laid out
• 25% unemployment rate & growing frustration with limited response of federal government bring FDR the victory

ELECTION OF 1932

• New Deal was not an organized, preplanned set of programs
• New laws, programs and agencies created by the federal government- willingness to experiment
• The 3 R’s
• Relief- for people struggling
• Recovery- for the economy
• Reform – so this situation never happens again
• Alphabet Agencies
• “Fireside Chats”: used the radio to communicate to the American people

NEW DEAL

DAYS

Starting on March 4, 1933 Congress (at the request of President Roosevelt) pass a large number of laws designed to deal with the Great Depression

• In 1933 millions of people remained unemployed
• New Deal created jobs to provide relief to the unemployed - Hope this job creation would provide relief and lead to recovery
• Federal Emergency Relief Act: gave fed $ to states & local govt. for relief services
• Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC): Employed jobless men in reforestation projects, park maintenance and other jobs
• Public Works Administration (PWA): fed $ to state/local govt. for public works projects

• National Recovery Act (NRA) was headed by Hugh Johnson
• Goals 1) industrial recovery 2) fair wages & hours for workers
• Federal govt. and biz drafted codes for industries - Set production limits - Codes for wages and hours worked
• Section 7(a) allowed workers to form unions (no more yellow dog contracts)
• Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) paid farmers to cut production - this would increase prices
• Farmers received subsidies (payments) in return for cutting production

• Govt agency built

dams, electric power

plants, controlled

flooding and erosion

in the Tennessee

Valley area

• Big change since the

TVA was the federal

government helping

develop a region and

selling electricity at

reduced rates.

Second New Deal

• First couple years of the New Deal focused on recovery - Some success
• Starting in 1935 the Second New Deal goes further with reform and direct relief
• Works Progress Administration (WPA) spent billions of dollars employing millions of unemployed.
• Resettlement Administration provided assistance (loans) to sharecroppers, tenant farmers, and small farmers - The AAA hurt non-land owning farmers by taking land out of production

National Labor Relations Act: Wagner Act

• Wagner Act (1935)

guaranteed the

rights of organized

labor

• Protected the right

to join a union and to

bargain collectively

• Created the National

Labor Relations

Board to enforce the

labor laws

• By 1936 the New Deal did improve the economy, but it still remained unstable
• Conservatives & business owners tended to dislike him - Did not like the government regulation and increase in size of the govt. - Critical of deficit spending
• FDR followed policies of British economist John Maynard Keynes - Deficit spending was needed to stimulate economic growth
• Liberal critics: New Deal was not doing enough for minority communities & poor
• Various demagogues challenge FDR & the New Deal
• Dr. Francis Townsend: every person over 60 would receive $200 a month
• Senator from LA Huey Long advocated for the “Share Our Wealth” program

• New Deal Democratic Coalition of farmers, urban Immigrants, union members, African Americans, & women
• Established federal responsibility for society (safety net)
• The New Deal does not end the Great Depression (WW2 does)
• Continued debate about deficit spending & the welfare state
• Recession in 1937
  • Reduce government spending on public works and relief programs
• Keynesian Economics: government spending helps promote economic growth
• Limited impact on racial & gender issues

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