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The New Deal Era: Franklin D. Roosevelt's Response to the Great Depression, Study Guides, Projects, Research of United States History

An overview of the New Deal era, focusing on Franklin D. Roosevelt's election in 1932, the New Deal programs, and their impact on the Great Depression. the creation of various agencies, such as the Civilian Conservation Corps, the Public Works Administration, and the National Recovery Administration, as well as the significance of the Alphabet Agencies, Fireside Chats, and the Second New Deal.

Typology: Study Guides, Projects, Research

2021/2022

Uploaded on 09/27/2022

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APUSH
REVIEWED!
1932-1941
American Pageant (Kennedy) Chapter 33
American History (Brinkley) Chapter 23-24
America’s History (Henretta) Chapter 23
GREAT DEPRESSION &
NEW DEAL
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APUSH

REVIEWED!

American Pageant (Kennedy) Chapter 33
American History (Brinkley) Chapter 23-
America’s History (Henretta) Chapter 23

GREAT DEPRESSION &

NEW DEAL

  • Herbert Hoover runs for
reelection as the Republican
candidate
  • Reconstruction Finance Corp.
  • Franklin Roosevelt is chosen as
the Democratic party candidate
  • Promises a “New Deal”
  • No clear plan laid out
  • 25% unemployment rate & growing frustration with limited response of federal government bring FDR the victory

ELECTION OF 1932

  • New Deal was not an organized, preplanned set of programs
  • New laws, programs and agencies created by the federal government- willingness to experiment
  • The 3 R’s
  • Relief- for people struggling
  • Recovery- for the economy
  • Reform – so this situation never happens again
  • Alphabet Agencies
  • “Fireside Chats”: used the radio to communicate to the American people

NEW DEAL

DAYS

Starting on March 4, 1933 Congress (at the request of President Roosevelt) pass a large number of laws designed to deal with the Great Depression

  • In 1933 millions of people remained unemployed
  • New Deal created jobs to provide relief to the unemployed - Hope this job creation would provide relief and lead to recovery
  • Federal Emergency Relief Act: gave fed $ to states & local govt. for relief services
  • Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC): Employed jobless men in reforestation projects, park maintenance and other jobs
  • Public Works Administration (PWA): fed $ to state/local govt. for public works projects
  • National Recovery Act (NRA) was headed by Hugh Johnson
  • Goals 1) industrial recovery 2) fair wages & hours for workers
  • Federal govt. and biz drafted codes for industries - Set production limits - Codes for wages and hours worked
  • Section 7(a) allowed workers to form unions (no more yellow dog contracts)
  • Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) paid farmers to cut production - this would increase prices
  • Farmers received subsidies (payments) in return for cutting production
  • Govt agency built
dams, electric power
plants, controlled
flooding and erosion
in the Tennessee
Valley area
  • Big change since the
TVA was the federal
government helping
develop a region and
selling electricity at
reduced rates.

Second New Deal

  • First couple years of the New Deal focused on recovery - Some success
  • Starting in 1935 the Second New Deal goes further with reform and direct relief
  • Works Progress Administration (WPA) spent billions of dollars employing millions of unemployed.
  • Resettlement Administration provided assistance (loans) to sharecroppers, tenant farmers, and small farmers - The AAA hurt non-land owning farmers by taking land out of production
National Labor Relations Act: Wagner Act
  • Wagner Act (1935)
guaranteed the
rights of organized
labor
  • Protected the right
to join a union and to
bargain collectively
  • Created the National
Labor Relations
Board to enforce the
labor laws
  • By 1936 the New Deal did improve the economy, but it still remained unstable
  • Conservatives & business owners tended to dislike him - Did not like the government regulation and increase in size of the govt. - Critical of deficit spending
  • FDR followed policies of British economist John Maynard Keynes - Deficit spending was needed to stimulate economic growth
  • Liberal critics: New Deal was not doing enough for minority communities & poor
  • Various demagogues challenge FDR & the New Deal
  • Dr. Francis Townsend: every person over 60 would receive $200 a month
  • Senator from LA Huey Long advocated for the “Share Our Wealth” program
  • New Deal Democratic Coalition of farmers, urban Immigrants, union members, African Americans, & women
  • Established federal responsibility for society (safety net)
  • The New Deal does not end the Great Depression (WW2 does)
  • Continued debate about deficit spending & the welfare state
  • Recession in 1937
    • Reduce government spending on public works and relief programs
  • Keynesian Economics: government spending helps promote economic growth
  • Limited impact on racial & gender issues

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