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Magnetism and Magnetic Forces: Understanding the Interaction of Moving Electric Charges, Slides of Applied Chemistry

An in-depth exploration of magnetism and magnetic forces, focusing on the fundamental nature of magnetism, the creation and interaction of magnetic fields with moving charges, and various applications of magnetic forces in technology. Topics covered include magnetic fields, magnetic monopoles, geomagnetism, magnetic force on a moving charge, and the lorentz force.

Typology: Slides

2011/2012

Uploaded on 07/31/2012

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The Magnetic Field “B”
Magnetic Field B
Magnetic Force on a Moving Charge
Calculating Charges
Magnetic Force on a Current
Torque on a Current Loop
The Magnetic Dipole
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1

The Magnetic Field “B”

 Magnetic Field B

 Magnetic Force on a Moving Charge

 Calculating Charges

 Magnetic Force on a Current

 Torque on a Current Loop

 The Magnetic Dipole

2

Introduction

 TV Picture tubes, Loud speakers, Computer disk drivers, and Computer printers etc…… all uses magnetic forces

 The alignment of compass needle with the earth magnetism is an example of magnetic interaction

The fundamental nature of magnetism is the interaction of moving electric charges

 Electric interactions are caused by the charges whether they are moving are not while

 Magnetic interactions are only caused by the moving charges

4

Magnetism

Moving charges – Create magnetic field

 The magnetic field exerts magnetic force on

moving charges

 We will look at both the aspects….

 Effect of magnetic field on moving charge

 How moving charges create magnetic field

Current is just another name for moving charges

5

Bar Magnet

  • Bar magnet ... two poles: N and S

Like poles repel; Unlike poles attract.

  • Magnetic Field lines: (defined in same way as electric field lines, direction and density)
  • Does this remind you of a similar case in electrostatics? S N

The Electric Dipole

7

Magnetic Monopoles

 Perhaps there exist magnetic charges, just like electric charges. Such an entity would be called a magnetic monopole (having + or - magnetic charge)

 How can you isolate this magnetic charge?

Try cutting a bar magnet in half:

S N S^ N^ S N

Every individual part has a magnetic “dipole”! Magnetic monopoles have never been found

8

Geomagnetism

  • If we hang a bar magnet in air
  • One end of the magnet will point to the geographical north of the earth
  • Can you name a place at geographical north pole?
  • The other end will point towards geographical south of earth

10

Magnetic Force on a Moving Charge

 Review of electric interaction

 A distribution of electric charge creates an electric field E in the surrounding space

 The electric field exerts a force F = qE on any other charge that is present in the field

 We described the magnetic interaction in a similar way

 A moving charge creates a magnetic field in the surrounding space (in addition to the electric field)

 The magnetic field exerts a force F on any other moving charge or current that is present there

11

Magnetic Force on a Moving Charge

 Like electric field, magnetic field is also a vector quantity

 We will use the symbol B for magnetic field

At any position the direction of magnetic

field B is that in which the north pole of a

compass needle tends to points

 The direction of magnetic field B points out of the North pole and into the south pole

13

The magnetic field B can apply magnetic force on electric charge only if:

  • The charge is moving
  • The velocity vector has a component perpendicular to B

Magnetic Force on a Moving Charge

FB =^ qv x B

14

Magnetic Force on a Moving Charge

 Characteristics of magnetic force on a moving charge are

 Magnitude of magnetic force is directly proportional to the magnitude of the charge

 Magnitude of force is proportional to the strength of field B

 Magnitude of force is also proportional to the velocity of the charge

 Magnetic force is perpendicular both to the velocity and magnetic field B

16

Right Hand Palm Rule

17

Magnetic Field

The magnitude of magnetic filed near the earth surface is 10-4^ Tesla which also know as 1 Gauss

Therefore 1 Tesla = 10^4 Gauss

Tesla

Am

N

C m s

N

qv

F

B =^ B^ = = =

FB =^ qv x B

19

Magnetic Force on a Moving Charge

  • Three points are arranged in a uniform magnetic field. The B field points into the screen
  • A positively charged particle is located at point A and is stationary. The direction of the magnetic force on the particle is

no magnetic force is experienced

20

Magnetic Force on a Moving Charge

A positive charge moves from point A towards B: Left

A positive charge moves from point B towards C: Up

A positive charge moves from point A towards C:

What is the direction of the magnetic force

on the particle in each case?

Up and left