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An in-depth exploration of magnetism and magnetic forces, focusing on the fundamental nature of magnetism, the creation and interaction of magnetic fields with moving charges, and various applications of magnetic forces in technology. Topics covered include magnetic fields, magnetic monopoles, geomagnetism, magnetic force on a moving charge, and the lorentz force.
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The Magnetic Field “B”
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Introduction
TV Picture tubes, Loud speakers, Computer disk drivers, and Computer printers etc…… all uses magnetic forces
The alignment of compass needle with the earth magnetism is an example of magnetic interaction
The fundamental nature of magnetism is the interaction of moving electric charges
Electric interactions are caused by the charges whether they are moving are not while
Magnetic interactions are only caused by the moving charges
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Current is just another name for moving charges
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The Electric Dipole
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Perhaps there exist magnetic charges, just like electric charges. Such an entity would be called a magnetic monopole (having + or - magnetic charge)
How can you isolate this magnetic charge?
S N S^ N^ S N
Every individual part has a magnetic “dipole”! Magnetic monopoles have never been found
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Magnetic Force on a Moving Charge
Review of electric interaction
A distribution of electric charge creates an electric field E in the surrounding space
The electric field exerts a force F = qE on any other charge that is present in the field
We described the magnetic interaction in a similar way
A moving charge creates a magnetic field in the surrounding space (in addition to the electric field)
The magnetic field exerts a force F on any other moving charge or current that is present there
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Magnetic Force on a Moving Charge
Like electric field, magnetic field is also a vector quantity
We will use the symbol B for magnetic field
At any position the direction of magnetic
field B is that in which the north pole of a
compass needle tends to points
The direction of magnetic field B points out of the North pole and into the south pole
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The magnetic field B can apply magnetic force on electric charge only if:
Magnetic Force on a Moving Charge
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Magnetic Force on a Moving Charge
Characteristics of magnetic force on a moving charge are
Magnitude of magnetic force is directly proportional to the magnitude of the charge
Magnitude of force is proportional to the strength of field B
Magnitude of force is also proportional to the velocity of the charge
Magnetic force is perpendicular both to the velocity and magnetic field B
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The magnitude of magnetic filed near the earth surface is 10-4^ Tesla which also know as 1 Gauss
Therefore 1 Tesla = 10^4 Gauss
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A positive charge moves from point A towards B: Left
A positive charge moves from point B towards C: Up
A positive charge moves from point A towards C:
Up and left