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Understanding Matter: Kinetic Theory Explains Phase Changes, Lecture notes of Chemistry

An overview of the Kinetic Molecular Theory (KMT) and its application to explain the properties and behavior of matter in its different states: solids, liquids, and gases. The theory explains how particles' motion and collisions contribute to the observable characteristics of these states, as well as the concept of intermolecular forces. Additionally, the document discusses phase changes and their relation to energy.

What you will learn

  • How does the Kinetic Molecular Theory explain the difference between solids, liquids, and gases?
  • What are intermolecular forces, and how do they impact the behavior of matter?
  • How does temperature affect the motion of particles in solids, liquids, and gases?

Typology: Lecture notes

2021/2022

Uploaded on 09/27/2022

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The Kinetic Molecular Theory
MATTER.2
Identify whether matter is a solid, liquid, or gas based on
Kinetic Molecular Theory (KMT).
MATTER.4
Describe what happens to particles of matter as they change
from solid, liquid, and gas.
pf3
pf4
pf5

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The Kinetic Molecular Theory

MATTER.

Identify whether matter is a solid, liquid, or gas based on

Kinetic Molecular Theory (KMT).

MATTER.

Describe what happens to particles of matter as they change

from solid, liquid, and gas.

Review

 Matter can exist in several states:

 Solids have a definite shape and volume, and are not compressible.  Liquids have a definite volume but not a definite shape. They are not compressible.  Gases do not have a definite shape or volume. Gases are compressible.

 Molecules are attracted to or repelled from

each other by electrostatic forces called

intermolecular forces.

 Intermolecular forces include dipole-dipole interactions, hydrogen bonding, and London forces.

Particles in Solids, Liquids, and Gases

States of Matter

 In solids, attractive forces outweigh kinetic

energy of particles.

 Particles stick together in rigid position.

 In liquids, attractive forces are balanced by

kinetic energy.

 Particles stick together but can move past each other.

 In gases, kinetic energy outweighs attractive

forces.

 Particles fly rapidly past each other as if there are no attractive forces between them.

Phase changes

  • E
  • E