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The Integumentary System-Hair Latest
Update Graded A
Epidermal Derivatives ✔✔organs that develop from embryonic epidermis
- hair, nails, glands, nerves
Function of Hair ✔✔Protection:
- protects scalp from sun
- eyebrows and eyelashes protect eyes
- nostril hair protects against inhaling particles
Effect on rate of growth/replacement ✔✔-illness
- diet (rapid weight loss)
- high fever
- surgery
- blood loss
- severe emotional stress
Anatomy of Hair ✔✔composed of columns of dead, keratinized cells welded together
Shaft ✔✔superficial portion that projects from the surface of the skin
Root ✔✔portion below surface that penetrates into dermis and sometimes subcutaneous layer
3 Concentric Layers ✔✔1. Medulla
- Cortex
- Cuticle
Medulla ✔✔inner layer, contains pigment
Cortex ✔✔middle layer, contains pigment
Cuticle ✔✔outer layer
Dark Hair ✔✔mostly melanin
Hirsutism ✔✔when women have an overproduction of andgrogen
Sebaceous (oil) gland ✔✔-secrete an oily substance called sebum
-help keep hair from drying out
-prevent excessive evaporation
Blackheads ✔✔enlarged sebaceous glands due to accumulation of sebum
-propiani bacteria
-color of blackheads is from melanin and oil, not dirt
Arrector Pili ✔✔-bundle of smooth muscle fibers
-contract under stress, fright, cold, and emotions
-forms goosebumps
Sudoriferous Glands ✔✔Eccrine glands
Apocrine glands
Eccrine Glands ✔✔-most common
-produces watery secretion
-function throughout life
-help regulate body temp
Apocrine Glands ✔✔-found mainly in skin of armpit, and pubic region
-begin to function at puberty
Ceruminous Glands ✔✔-produces a waxy secretion in ear
-provides a sticky barrier that prevents entrance of foreign bodies
Mammary Glands ✔✔produce breast milk
Nails ✔✔plates of tightly packed, keratinized cells
Nail Body ✔✔visible portion of nail
Free Edge ✔✔portion that extends past the end of the finger
- Epitheleal cells migrate beneath the scab
- Scar tissues built
- Blood vessels regrow
Proliferative Phase ✔✔Epitheleal cells continue to grow beneath scab
Maturation Phase ✔✔1. Scabs sloughs off once epidermis is restored
- Collagen fibers organize (scar disappears)
- Blood vessels return to normal
Hypertrophic Scar ✔✔remains within boundaries of original wounds
Keloid Scar ✔✔extends beyond boundaries of original wound
Scar Tissue ✔✔has fewer blood vessels and may not contain hair, skin glands, or sensory neurons
Thermoregulation ✔✔-temp. sensitive nerve endings in skin detect a change in skin temp
-input is sent to brain (hypothalamus) which sends output to sweat glands
-sweat more rapidly
-brain sends output also to blood vessels so they dialate in dermis
Skin and Aging ✔✔-Age 40+ : collagen fibers decrease stiffen and break
-Elastic fibers lose some elasticity
-Hair and nails grow slower
-Langerhans decrease (less immune)
-Melanocytes stop function=grey hair
Wrinkles ✔✔skin form crevices
