Dr. John Redden
Physiology and Neurobiology
University of Connecticut
UNIT 2:
HEART
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The Heart as a Pump: Anatomy, Function, and Regulation, Lecture notes of Physiology
A comprehensive overview of the anatomy and function of the human heart, focusing on its role as a pump in the cardiovascular system. It covers the external and internal structures of the heart, including the four chambers (atria and ventricles) and the four valves (tricuspid, bicuspid, pulmonary, and aortic). The document also explains the cardiac cycle, the path of blood flow through the heart, and the regulation of heart function. Additionally, it discusses specialized blood vessels present in fetal circulation and the concept of cardiac tamponade, a pathological condition caused by the accumulation of fluid in the pericardial cavity. This detailed information on the heart's anatomy and physiology would be valuable for students studying physiology, neurobiology, or related fields, as it provides a solid foundation for understanding the cardiovascular system and its role in human health and disease.
Typology: Lecture notes
2020/2021
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Dr. John Redden Physiology and Neurobiology University of Connecticut
UNIT 2:
HEART
- The Heart as a Pump
- Anatomy of the Heart: External Structures
- Anatomy of the Heart: Internal Structures
- Anatomy of the Cardiac Myocyte
- Contraction: Cellular
- Contraction: Organ Level
- The Cardiac Cycle
- Regulation
OUTLINE
THE HEART IS A PUMP
Pumping supplies the pressure to move through a set of capillaries.
BUT…
THE HEART IS A DOUBLE PUMP
One Pump Is Needed for Systemic Circulation One Pump Is Needed for Pulmonary Circulation
Pumps Work In Series
Pump Equivalent Volumes!!
THE PERICARDIUM
Fibrous Pericardium Single Layer Serous Pericardium Double Layer Supports & Lubricates the Heart
PERICARDIAL EFFUSION
Normal Pericardial Effusion Accumulation of Fluid in Pericardial Cavity
CARDIAC TAMPONADE
Pathological Accumulation of Fluid In Pericardial Cavity (200mL - 2 L !) Fluid build up may be caused by infection, trauma. Places pressure and strain on the heart muscle and decreases pumping ability
HUMAN HEART ANATOMY
The Atria The Ventricles Consists of Four Chambers (2+2) Right: Left: Top: Bottom:
Blood
Enters Heart
Blood
Exits Heart
Blood
Exits Heart
Blood
Enters Heart
Large Veins Pulmonary Veins Pulmonary Artery Aorta
The Atria The Ventricles & Pump 2 (Systemic Circuit) Right: Left: Top: Bottom:
Blood
Enters Heart
Blood
Exits Heart
Blood
Exits Heart
Blood
Enters Heart
Large Veins Pulmonary Veins Pulmonary Artery Aorta Tricuspid Valve Bicuspid Valve Pulmonary Valve Aortic Valve Pump 1 (Pulmonary Circuit)
Oxygen Poor Blood Is Carried Back Towards the Heart by Veins into the Right Atrium .
R I G H T L E F T
The Right Ventricle sends it through the Pulmonary Arteries to the lungs for oxygenation. Oxygen Rich Blood Is Carried Back Towards the Heart by Pulmonary Veins into the Left Atrium. . The Left Ventricle sends it through the Aorta and arteries to supply nutrients to body tissues
PATH OF BLOOD THROUGH THE HEART
INTERNAL ANATOMY: VALVES
Atrioventricular Valves
- Tricuspid (Right)
- Bicuspid (Left)
Semilunar Valves
- Aortic
- Pulmonary
Learning Objective: Slide Number:
INTERNAL ANATOMY: VALVES
17 The Atrioventricular Valves Are Attached to Chordae Tendinae The Chordae Tendinae attach the AV valves to Papillary Muscles AV Valves Open When Ventricles Are Relaxed SL Valves Open When Ventricles Are Contracted