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A comprehensive overview of the fourth amendment to the united states constitution and its relationship to law enforcement practices. It covers key concepts such as the degrees of suspicion required for different types of police actions, the requirements for conducting terry stops and frisks, the plain feel doctrine, the open fields doctrine, the validity of consent searches, exigent circumstances, searches incident to arrest, motor vehicle detentions and searches, the reasonableness of force used by officers, civil liability considerations, the use of deadly force, officer liability when responding to emergency calls, and best practices for preparing for and testifying in court. The detailed explanations and examples make this document a valuable resource for understanding the complex legal framework governing search and seizure, use of force, and other critical aspects of law enforcement operations.
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Explain the relationship between a SPO and a test question ✔✔A test question must respond directly to an SPO and every SPO may be the basis of a test question Explain the ultimate reason for law enforcement training ✔✔To be able to protect the life and property of yourself and the public List a peace officer's main goals ✔✔- Enforce the laws
Explain the factors necessary for the commission of crime ✔✔Desire - the motivation behind criminal behavior Victim - potential target, unaware of surroundings Opportunity - crime prevention strategies State the core concepts of community policing ✔✔-partnership between community and police
Constitutional Law ✔✔amendments Police Legitimacy ✔✔exists when the public view the police as authorized to exercise power in order to maintain social order, manage conflicts, and solve problems in community Judgement 1/ public trust and confidence in police as being honest, trying to do jobs well, and protecting community ✔✔Result individuals are more likely to become actively involved in police community partnerships Judgment # public willingness to defer the law and police authority ✔✔Result Correlation between those who obey and those who view police as legitimate, cooperate by reporting crimes and providing information Judgement # public belief that police actions are morally justified and appropriate ✔✔Result citizens are more likely to cooperate and defer in moments of crisis
circumstances when filming police officers is permissible ✔✔-one party consents
Criminal profiling ✔✔Based on observed behaviors and characteristics Two types of Bias ✔✔explicit and implicit Explicit Bias ✔✔conscious preference for a social category Implicit bias ✔✔preference for a social category based on stereotypes that we hold and tend to develop in early life Two modes of thinking ✔✔automatic (system 1) deliberative (system 2) System 1 thinking ✔✔automatic, effortless, unconscious, very fast System 2 thinking ✔✔Conscious, controlled, effortful, slower practical purpose ✔✔simplifies tasks which most adults do without having to systematically think about each step
protection mechanism ✔✔we evaluate everything we see to determine if threatening or not strategies to counter implicit biases ✔✔-Guarding against influence in decision making
Denial of responsibility ✔✔acted improperly because no other options Denial of injury ✔✔argue that action did not hurt anyone so no ethical misconduct Social Weighting ✔✔makes comparisons to justify unethical misconduct moral justification ✔✔argues that it's necessary to break rules for the greater good Continuum of Compromise ✔✔-being exposed on a regular basis to "special authority" and at the same time being exposed on a daily basis to that element of society that operates without values, combines to severely challenge an officer's core values system
acts of commission ✔✔-criminal
Knowingly ✔✔aware that conduct is practically certain to cause a result, regardless of purpose recklessly ✔✔With heedless indifference to the consequences, disregards a substantial and unjustifiable risk that conduct is likely to cause a certain result or is likely to be of a certain nature Negligently ✔✔Because of substantial lapse from due care, fails to perceive or avoid a risk that his/her conduct may cause a certain result or may be of a certain nature Jurisdiction ✔✔a government's general power to exercise authority over all persons and things within its territory Statutory law ✔✔The body of law derived from statutes rather than from constitutions or judicial decisions. Case Law ✔✔The law found in the collection of reported cases that form all or part of the body of law within a given jurisdiction
Physical Harm to Property ✔✔- Any tangible or intangible damage to property that results in loss of value or interferes with enjoyment. Serious Physical Harm to Property ✔✔- Substantial loss to the value of the property or requires substantial time, effort, or money to repair of replace.
2923.03 Complicity. ✔✔No person, acting with the kind of culpability required for the commission of an offense, shall do any of the following:
identify sources of information that can be used to establish probable cause to make a warrantless arrest ✔✔personal observations, informant's tip, reports from officer or agencies, physical evidence, past criminal record, statements made by suspect, leads furnished by victim or witness in the absence of consent or exigent circumstances before entering, a officer must do before entering a private residence to make a arrest ✔✔-secure appropriate warrant