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Information about homework assignments, reading materials, and exam results for a university-level physics course. It also includes explanations and diagrams related to electrical circuits, including the concepts of charge, voltage, electric field, capacitors, resistors, and current. The document also covers the topics of parallel and series resistors, and includes clicker questions to test understanding.
Typology: Assignments
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The fluid (water) analogy... updated Electrical Thing Charge Voltage Electric Field Superconductor Capacitor Current (in a wire) Resistor Resistivity Fluid thing Fluid (water) Pressure Pressure difference (Unrestricted) pipe Water tank Current (in a pipe) Pipe filled with sand Density of sand
Clickers: All of the following resistors have the same resistance, and the batteries all have the same ΔV. Which network has the greatest current running through its battery? ... or (e) : (a, b, and d).
Parallel and Series Resistors In Parallel, the voltage drop across any item is always the same as each of the others. Check for uninterrupted conductors connecting each side to identify things in parallel in a circuit diagram. Parallel: 1/Req. = 1/R 1 + 1/R 2 + ... (Currents in parallel add to give the total current.) In Series, the current through each item is the same. (For capacitors, this meant the charges were equal after the capacitors became charged.) Look for a single wire broken only by the items, to identify a series network. Series: Req. = R 1 + R 2 + ... (Voltage drops in series add to give the total.)
Clickers: What is the current through the 3 Ω resistor? a) 3 Amps b) 2 Amps c) 1 Amp d) 9/8 Amp e) 0 Amps
Why ever use the BIG battery, if the small one can provide the same ΔV? The answer is internal resistance : the larger battery has less, and so it can provide more current at the same voltage.
Rule for resistors: The voltage drops in the direction of current flow! However, a charging battery has the current flowing in the opposite direction, and its terminal voltage will be larger than the open-circuit (no current) value!
A very simple series network
Kirchhoff's Loop Rule: The sum of voltage drops around any closed loop must be zero.
Example: Using Kirchhoff's circuit rules
