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The Evolution of Nursing Cooper:
Foundations of Nursing, 8th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
- What is a nursing program considered when certified by a state agency? a. Accredited b. Approved c. Provisional d. Exemplified ANS: B Approved means certified by a state agency for having met minimum standards; accredited means certified by the NLN for having met more complex standards. Provisional and exemplified are not terms used in regard to nursing program certification. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF:
10 OBJ: 5
TOP: Nursing programs KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A MSC: NCLEX: N/A
- Which of the following must the nurse recognize regarding the health care delivery system? a. It includes all states. b. It affects the illness of patients. c. Insurance^ companies^ are^ not in- volved. d. The^ major^ goal is to achieve opti- mal levels of health
care. ANS: D The nurse must recognize that in the health care delivery system, the major goal is to achieve optimal levels of health care. The health care system consists of a network of agencies, facilities, and providers in- volved with health care in a specified geographic area. Insurance com- panies do have involvement in the health care system. The illness of patients is not necessarily affected by the health care system. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: 12 OBJ: 7 TOP: Health care systems KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A
mental health and well- ness promotion activities. This preventive education has resulted in an emphasis on wellness, rather than illness. Improved insurance pay- ments, decentralized care centers, and increased numbers of health care givers did not influence an emphasis on wellness. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: 12 OBJ: 4 | 8 TOP: Wellness KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A MSC: NCLEX: N/A
- What is the most effective process to ensure that the care plan is
meeting the needs of the patient? a. Documentation b. Communication c. Evaluation d. Planning ANS: B Communication is the primary essential component among the health care team to evaluate and modify the care plan. Documentation, eval- uation, and planning are not primary essential components to ensure the care plan is meeting the needs of the patient. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: 17 OBJ: 8 TOP: Communication KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A MSC: NCLEX: N/A
- How does an interdisciplinary approach to patient treatment enhance care? a. By improving efficiency of care b. By^ reducing^ the^ number^ of care- givers c. By^ preventing^ the fragmentation of patient care d. By shortening hospital stay ANS: C An interdisciplinary approach prevents fragmentation of care. An inter- disciplinary approach does not improve the efficiency of care, reduce the number of caregivers, or shorten hospital stay. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: 16 OBJ: 8 | 9 TOP: Interdisciplinary approach KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A MSC: NCLEX: N/A
a clinic setting ANS: C An LPN/LVN practices under the supervision of a health care provider, dentist, OD, or RN. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF:
11 OBJ: 11
TOP: Vocational nursing KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A MSC: NCLEX: N/A
- Whose influence on nursing practice in the 19th century was related to improvement of patient environment as a method of health promotion? a. Clara Barton b. Linda Richards c. Dorothea Dix d. Florence Nightingale ANS: D The influence of Florence Nightingale was highly significant in the 19th century as she fought for sanitary conditions, fresh air, and general im- provement in the patient environment. Clara Barton developed the American Red Cross in 1881. Linda Richards is known as the first trained nurse in America, was responsible for the development of the first nursing and hospital records, and is credited with the development of our present- day documentation system. Dorothea Dix was the pio- neer crusader for elevation of standards of care for the mentally ill and superintendent of female nurses of the Union Army. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: 17 OBJ: 2 | 4 TOP: Nursing leaders KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A MSC: NCLEX: N/A
- What document identifies the roles and responsibilities of the LPN/LVN?
a. NLN Accreditation Standards b. Nurse Practice Act c. NAPNE Code d. American^ Nurses’^ Association Code ANS: B The LPN/LVN functions under the Nurse Practice Act. NLN Accreditation Standards, the NAPNE Code, and the American Nurses’ Association
Patient expectations are outlined by the Patient’s Bill of Rights. Patient expectations are not outlined in the Code of Ethics, OBRA, or advance directives. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: 16 OBJ: 4 | 8 TOP: Patient’s rights KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A MSC: NCLEX: N/A
- The relationships among nursing, patients, health, and the environ- ment are the basis for: a. care plans.
b. nursing models. c. health care provider’s orders. d. evaluation of patient care. ANS: B Nursing models are theories based on the relationship between nurs- ing, patients, health, and environment. Care plans, health care provider’s orders, and evaluation of patient care are not based on the relationships among nursing, patients, health, and environment. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: 17 OBJ: 1 TOP: Nursing models KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A MSC: NCLEX: N/A
- What system reduces the number of employees but still provides qual- ity care for patients? a. Team nursing b. Cross-training c. Use of critical pathways d. Case management ANS: B Cross-training reduces the number of employees but does not alter the quality of patient care. Team nursing, use of critical pathways, and case management do not reduce the number of employees while con- tinuing to provide quality care for patients. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: 15 OBJ: 8 TOP: Patient care KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A MSC: NCLEX: N/A
- What is the purpose of licensing laws for LPN/LVNs?
limit the number of LPNs/LVNs, prevent malpractice, or increase rev- enue for the state board of nursing. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: 11 OBJ: 4 | 9 | 10 TOP: Licensure KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A MSC: NCLEX: N/A
- What premise is Maslow’s hierarchy of needs based on? a. All needs are equally important. b. Basic needs must be met before the next level of needs can be met. c. Self-actualization is a primary need. d. Individuals^ prioritize^ needs^ the same way. ANS: B Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is based on the premise that basic needs must be met first. It is not based on all needs being equally important or that individuals prioritize needs the same way. Self-actualization is not a primary need according to Maslow. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: 12 | 13 OBJ: 8 TOP: Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A MSC: NCLEX: N/A
- What must the nurse realize when assessing physical and social envi- ronmental factors affecting health and illness? a. They affect one another. b. They cause illness. c. They^ cause^ patients^ to^ react
sim- ilarly. d. They can be separated. ANS: A Physical and social factors affect each other, cannot be separated, and cause each patient to react in a unique manner. They do not necessar- ily cause illness or cause patients to react similarly, and they cannot be separated. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: 14 OBJ: 4 | 8
Most states have some type of articulation program in which the LPN/LVN can achieve advanced standing in an RN program without having to enroll in the entire curriculum. Repetition, exclusion, and co- existence do not refer to educational advancement. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF:
10 OBJ: 1 | 9
TOP: Nursing education KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A MSC: NCLEX: N/A
- Where did Florence Nightingale’s original nursing education take place? a. Saint Thomas
b. Kings College Hospital c. Crimean Hospital d. Kaiserswerth School ANS: D Florence Nightingale trained at Kaiserswerth School. Florence Nightin- gale’s original training was not at Saint Thomas, Kings College Hospi- tal, or Crimean Hospital. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF:
2 OBJ: 2
TOP: Nursing programs KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A MSC: NCLEX: N/A
- What system of comprehensive patient care considers the physical, emotional, and social environment and spiritual needs of a person? a. Interdependent care b. Holistic health care c. Illness prevention care d. Health promotion care ANS: B Holistic health care encompasses the physical, emotional, social, and spiritual aspects of the patient. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: 12 OBJ: 8 TOP: Health care KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A MSC: NCLEX: N/A
- What official agency exists exclusively for LPN/LVN membership and promotes standards for the LPN/LVN? a. NFLPN
MSC: NCLEX: N/A
- What score does the graduate practical nurse require to be issued a li- cense upon completion of the computerized examination? a. 70% or better b. This^ is^ defined^ and^ set^ by each state c. Designated as “pass” d. Within the 75th percentile ANS: C Currently graduates of an approved vocational school are eligible to take the licensing examination and be awarded a license with a score of “pass” that is recognized by all states. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: 12 OBJ: 3 TOP: Licensure examination KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A MSC: NCLEX: N/A
- What document, published in 1965 by the ANA, clearly defined two lev- els of nursing practice? a. Licensing standards b. Position paper c. Smith-Hughes Act d. Nurse practice act ANS: B The ANA’s position paper of 1965 defined two levels of nursing: regis- tered nurse and technical nurse. Licensing standards, the Smith- Hughes Act, and the nurse practice act were not documents defining two levels of nursing practice published in 1965. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF:
11 OBJ: 3 | 4 | 9
TOP: Position paper KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A MSC: NCLEX: N/A
- What is the wellness/illness continuum defined as? a. A concept that never changes b. The^ range^ of^ a^ person’s total health c. A continuum influenced only by
