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Endocrine System: Matching and Multiple Choice Questions, Summaries of Biological Systems

The glands of the endocrine system secrete hormones into the bloodstream or ... An example of a hormone that exerts its action within the target cell only ...

Typology: Summaries

2022/2023

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The Endocrine System
1. Homeostasis is achieved through the actions of two major regulatory systems, the nervous
system and the _________ system.
2. A ______ is a regulatory chemical that is secreted into the blood by an endocrine gland.
3. The glands of the endocrine system secrete hormones into the bloodstream or other body
fluids and so are said to have ____________ glands.
4. All hormones can be characterized as ________ (fat-soluble) or water soluble.
5. Some intercellular regulatory molecules that exert only very local effects are called
________ regulators.
6. The water-soluble hormones cannot pass through the plasma membrane; they must rely on
______ messengers within their target cells to mediate their action.
7. The ________ lobe of the pituitary gland appears fibrous because it contains axons
originating from neurons in the hypothalamus.
8. Match each of the following.
_____A. Stimulates uterine contraction.
1. adrenocorticotropic hormone
_____B. Helps regulate sperm production.
2. follicle-stimulating hormone
_____C. Stimulates production of testosterone.
3. luteinizing hormone
_____D. Stimulates secretion of adrenal cortical
hormone.
4. oxytocin
_____E. Regulates level hormone of blood calcium.
5. parathyroid
9. The anterior pituitary gland is controlled by both the hormones secreted by the
hypothalamus, and the hormones secreted by itself through a ________ feedback
mechanism.
10. Besides aldosterone, _________ hormone is the other hormone which is an absolute
requirement for the survival of humans.
11. The islets of Langerhans located in the _______ secrete both insulin and glucagon.
12. Molting hormone, or ecdysone, and juvenile hormone regulate ____________ and molting
in insects.
13. Hormones that affect changes in their target cells by entering the nucleus and initiating
transcription of certain genes are called
A. steroid hormones
B. paracrine hormones
C. lipophilic hormones
D. prostaglandins
E. second messenger hormones
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The Endocrine System

  1. Homeostasis is achieved through the actions of two major regulatory systems, the nervous system and the _________ system.
  2. A ______ is a regulatory chemical that is secreted into the blood by an endocrine gland.
  3. The glands of the endocrine system secrete hormones into the bloodstream or other body fluids and so are said to have ____________ glands.
  4. All hormones can be characterized as ________ (fat-soluble) or water soluble.
  5. Some intercellular regulatory molecules that exert only very local effects are called ________ regulators.
  6. The water-soluble hormones cannot pass through the plasma membrane; they must rely on ______ messengers within their target cells to mediate their action.
  7. The ________ lobe of the pituitary gland appears fibrous because it contains axons originating from neurons in the hypothalamus.
  8. Match each of the following. _____A. Stimulates uterine contraction. 1. adrenocorticotropic hormone _____B. Helps regulate sperm production. 2. follicle-stimulating hormone _____C. Stimulates production of testosterone. 3. luteinizing hormone _____D. Stimulates secretion of adrenal cortical hormone. 4. oxytocin _____E. Regulates level hormone of blood calcium. 5. parathyroid
  9. The anterior pituitary gland is controlled by both the hormones secreted by the hypothalamus, and the hormones secreted by itself through a ________ feedback mechanism.
  10. Besides aldosterone, _________ hormone is the other hormone which is an absolute requirement for the survival of humans.
  11. The islets of Langerhans located in the _______ secrete both insulin and glucagon.
  12. Molting hormone, or ecdysone, and juvenile hormone regulate ____________ and molting in insects.
  13. Hormones that affect changes in their target cells by entering the nucleus and initiating transcription of certain genes are called A. steroid hormones B. paracrine hormones C. lipophilic hormones D. prostaglandins E. second messenger hormones
  1. The hormone ________ sets the body's basal metabolic rate. A. estrogen B. insulin C. norepinephrine D. cortisol E. thyroxin
  2. The hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine, which constitute the “alarm” response of the body to stress, are secreted by the A. pancreas B. thyroid gland C. adrenal medulla D. pineal gland E. anterior pituitary gland
  3. The signals of the endocrine system are transmitted to the appropriate target organ via the A. lymph B. neurons C. peripheral nervous system D. mesenteric blood vessels E. blood
  4. Only certain organs called the target organs respond to the presence of a specific hormone because A. only those organs are attached to the endocrine gland B. only those organ cells have the appropriate receptors C. only those organs allow the hormone to enter their cells D. they are the first organs along the hormone’s circulatory path E. if enough time is allowed, all organs respond to the hormone
  5. Which of the following functions as both an exocrine and an endocrine gland? A. adrenal cortex B. parathyroid C. thyroid D. pancreas E. pituitary
  6. Which of the following organs can be stimulated to produce hormones primarily by the concentration of certain molecules and ions in the blood, rather than neural control? A. adrenal medulla B. posterior pituitary gland C. pineal gland D. anterior pituitary gland E. pancreas and adrenal cortex
  1. New: Which hormone is not produced by the anterior pituitary gland? A. Prolactin B.Lutenizing Hormone C. Calcitonin D. Growth Hormone
  2. The action of a lipophilic hormones involve all of the following except A. hormone molecules pass through the target cell’s plasma membrane and bind to intracellular receptor proteins B. the hormone-receptor complex then binds to specific regions of DNA, thereby activating genes and producing action in the target cells C. the second messengers activate previously inactive enzymes D. a and b E. a, b, and c
  3. Consumption of alcohol stimulates urination by A. stimulating ADH secretion B. inhibiting ADH secretion C. stimulating vasopressin D. stimulating oxytocin E. a, c, and d
  4. The hormone stimulating the milk-ejection reflex is called A. antidiuretic hormone B. oxytocin C. vasopressin D. parathyroid hormone E. aldosterone
  5. Unlike other hormones, the hormones of the posterior pituitary gland are transported to the hypothalamus by A. the limbic system B. blood vessels C. neuron axons D. the lymphatic system E. the hypopituitary shunt
  6. All of the following are secreted by the anterior pituitary gland except A. oxytocin B. prolactin C. thyroid-stimulating hormone D. melanocyte-stimulating hormone E. adrenocorticotropic hormone
  1. The hormonal products of the adrenal medulla affect all of the following except they A. accelerate heartbeat B. stimulate synthesis of glycogen C. increase blood pressure D. reduce blood flow to the skin and digestive organs E. increase blood sugar
  2. Which one of the following glucocorticoids is important in both gluconeogenesis (glucose produced from amino acids) during starvation and as an anti-inflammatory agent? A. aldosterone B. cortisol C. glucagon D. insulin E. prolactin
  3. Which of the following hormones is not produced by the adrenal gland? A. epinephrine B. cortisol C. prolactin D. aldosterone E. norepinephrine
  4. Which of the following hormones is (are) absolutely essential for survival by humans? A. aldosterone B. parathyroid hormone C. cortisol D. a, b, and c E. a and b
  5. The two hormones that interact to maintain the level of blood glucose are A. cortisone and testosterone B. epinephrine and norepinephrine C. glucagon and insulin D. LH and FSH E. oxytocin and vasopressin
  6. When the body’s blood glucose level raises above normal, which of the following hormones is produced? A. glucagon B. epinephrine C. insulin D. norepinephrine E. prolactin
  1. Which of the following conditions is not related to Type I or II diabetic disease? A. elevated levels of blood glucose B. lowered production of insulin by the pancreas C. reduced sensitivity to insulin by the body cells D. ineffective pituitary gland E. diet and exercise usually help to balance the blood sugar levels
  2. The right atrium of the heart secretes atrial natriuretic hormone, which stimulates the kidneys to excrete salt and water in the urine, atrial natriuretic hormone, therefore, acts antagonistically to A. aldosterone B. cortisol C. glucagon D. thyroxine E. progesterone
  3. All of the following are examples of sex steroid hormones except A. estrogen B. progesterone C. prolactin D. testosterone E. estradiol
  4. In insects, metamorphosis and molting are regulated by which of the following hormones? A. melatonin B. ecdysone C. estrogen D. somatostatin E. trypsin
  5. There are two systems in the human body that are devoted exclusively to the regulation of the body organs. They are the A. endocrine and circulatory systems B. respiratory and circulatory systems C. nervous and circulatory systems D. nervous and endocrine systems E. respiratory and nervous systems
  1. A diverse group of paracrine regulators are called prostaglandins. Prostaglandins participate in a variety of regulatory functions in many of the body’s systems. Prostaglandins are used in the I immune system II reproductive system III digestive system IV respiratory system V circulatory system VI urinary system A. choices I, II, and III B. choices I, II, III, and IV C. choices I, II, III, IV, and V D. choices II, III, and VI E. choices I, II, III, IV, V, and VI
  2. Select the mismatched endocrine gland and its hormone from the choices below. A. adrenal cortex—aldosterone B. pancreas—insulin C. pineal gland—melatonin D. adrenal medulla—cortisol E. posterior lobe of pituitary gland—oxytocin
  3. The cells of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland secrete many hormones. From the following list select the hormone that is not secreted from the anterior lobe of the pituitary. A. growth hormone B. prolactin C. follicle-stimulating hormone D. melanocyte-stimulating hormone E. antidiuretic hormone
  4. Insects are capable of shedding their exoskeletons in a process called molting. This is especially noticeable in juvenile insects. Select the best choice that presents a diagrammed sequence of events during the molting process. A. prior to molting—brain surface cells secrete brain hormone → which stimulates the prothoracic glandto produce ecdysome → which causes molting B. prior to molting—brain surface cells secrete juvenile hormone → which stimulates the prothoracic gland to produce ecdysome → which causes molting C. prior to molting—brain surface cells secrete ecdysome → which stimulates the prothoracic gland to produce juvenile hormone → which causes molting D. prior to molting—the corpora allata near the brain secretes brain hormone → which stimulates the prothoracic gland to produce ecdysome → which causes molting E. prior to molting—the corpora allata near the brain secretes juvenile hormone → which stimulates the prothoracic gland to produce ecdysome → which causes molting
  1. Some hormones can not enter a cell directly because they are too large or polar. From the list below select the molecule that acts as a secondary messenger for some of these hormones that can not enter a cell directly. A. catecholamine B. cyclic AMP C. epinephrine D. norepinephrine E. calcitonin
  2. Select the incorrect statement about hormones that can enter directly into cells. A. Steroid hormones and thyroxine can enter directly into cells because of their lipophilic makeup. B. Water-soluble hormones can enter directly into cells because of their nonpolar status. C. Steroid hormones do not dissolve in the plasma and are thus transported with special protein carriers, which transport them to their target cells. D. Once entry into the cell is achieved, some of these hormones bind with specific receptor proteins in the cytoplasm and then can move as a hormone-receptor complex to the nucleus.

37 D

38 B

39 B

40 C

41 E

42 C

43 C

44 D

45 A

46 C

47 B

48 D

49 C

50 C

51 D

52 E

53 D

54 E

55 A

56 B

57 B