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An in-depth exploration of the major components and structure of biological membranes, including phospholipids, proteins, cholesterol, and carbohydrates. Learn about the fluid mosaic model, the role of lipids in maintaining a bilayer organization, and the functions of integral and peripheral membrane proteins. Discover how membranes are dynamic and constantly forming, transforming, fusing, and breaking down.
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membranes:
Figure 3.20 Phospholipids (A)
Repeat Fig 3.20A here
Artificial bilayers can be made
in the laboratory.
Lipids maintain a bilayer
organization spontaneously
—helps membranes fuse
during phagocytosis, vesicle
formation, etc.
Membranes may vary in lipid
composition
Phospholipids vary—fatty
acid chain length, degree of
saturation, phosphate
groups
Membranes may be up to 25
percent cholesterol
Membranes contain proteins,
the number of proteins
varies with cell function
Some membrane proteins
extend across the lipid
bilayer—with hydrophobic
and hydrophilic regions or
domains.
The proteins and lipids in the
membrane are independent
and only interact noncovalently.
Figure 5.4 Interactions of Integral Membrane Proteins
Transmembrane proteins
may have different domains
on either side of the
membrane.
The two sides of the
membrane can have very
different properties.
Membranes are dynamic and
are constantly forming,
transforming, fusing, and
breaking down.
Figure 5.5 Dynamic Continuity of Membranes
Figure 5.1 The Fluid Mosaic Model
Cells arrange themselves in
groups by cell recognition
and cell adhesion.
These processes can be studied
in sponge cells—the cells are
easily separated and will
come back together again.