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Neuroanatomy Quiz: Vision and Audition - Prof. Johnson, Lecture notes of Biology

A neuroanatomy quiz focusing on the topics of vision and audition. It includes multiple-choice questions covering various aspects of these senses, such as the functions of different cells and structures, their connections, and associated disorders.

Typology: Lecture notes

2019/2020

Uploaded on 12/08/2022

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1. This most correctly describes EEG:
a. Electrical activity from the cells in the neocortex
b. Muscle activity from the surface of the face
c. Blood spill cranial surface echolocation
d. Magnetic radiation brain imaging microlesion robot
2. Photoreceptor cells:
a. Project their axons out of the retina to the LGN
b. Produce action potentials
c. Form glomerulus
d. None of the above.
3. After light strikes retinal, it changes conformation of rhodopsin and:
a. Increases sodium current and reduces the amount of cGMP
b. Decreases sodium current and reduces the amount of GMP
c. Decreases sodium current and increases the amount of GMP
d. Decreases sodium current and reduces the amount of cGMP
4. Photoreceptor membrane potential in the dark is:
a. +30mV
b. 0mV
c. -30mV
d. -65mV
5. Cranial nerve II is comprised from axons of these cells:
a. Photoreceptors
b. Pacinian corpuscles
c. Hair cells
d. Retinal ganglion cells
e. MGN cells
6. This describes P-type retinal ganglion cells:
a. Small receptive field properties and slower conductance
b. Small receptive field properties and faster conductance.
c. Large receptive field properties and faster conductance.
d. Large receptive field properties and slower conductance
7. Pick the correct structure-function association:
a. Inferior colliculus - saccadic eye movements (correct answer: sound center of
body)
b. Ventral posterior nucleus - vision (correct answer: receive sensory info)
c. Suprachiasmatic nucleus - major body clock regulator
d. Primary visual cortex - tonotopic map (correct answer: retinal info)
8. Golliath may have had “tunnel vision” because of the enlarged:
a. Superior colliculus
b. Lateral geniculate nucleus
c. Pituitary gland
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If you KNOW it highlight it cyan. If you THINK you know it, highlight it with orange

  1. This most correctly describes EEG: a. Electrical activity from the cells in the neocortex b. Muscle activity from the surface of the face c. Blood spill cranial surface echolocation d. Magnetic radiation brain imaging microlesion robot
  2. Photoreceptor cells: a. Project their axons out of the retina to the LGN b. Produce action potentials c. Form glomerulus d. None of the above.
  3. After light strikes retinal, it changes conformation of rhodopsin and: a. Increases sodium current and reduces the amount of cGMP b. Decreases sodium current and reduces the amount of GMP c. Decreases sodium current and increases the amount of GMP d. Decreases sodium current and reduces the amount of cGMP
  4. Photoreceptor membrane potential in the dark is: a. +30mV b. 0mV c. -30mV d. -65mV
  5. Cranial nerve II is comprised from axons of these cells: a. Photoreceptors b. Pacinian corpuscles c. Hair cells d. Retinal ganglion cells e. MGN cells
  6. This describes P-type retinal ganglion cells: a. Small receptive field properties and slower conductance b. Small receptive field properties and faster conductance. c. Large receptive field properties and faster conductance. d. Large receptive field properties and slower conductance
  7. Pick the correct structure-function association: a. Inferior colliculus - saccadic eye movements (correct answer: sound center of body) b. Ventral posterior nucleus - vision (correct answer: receive sensory info) c. Suprachiasmatic nucleus - major body clock regulator d. Primary visual cortex - tonotopic map (correct answer: retinal info)
  8. Golliath may have had “tunnel vision” because of the enlarged: a. Superior colliculus b. Lateral geniculate nucleus c. Pituitary gland

d. Primary visual cortex e. Giant eyelids

  1. Projections from the opposite side of the brain (contralateral) innervate these LGN layers: a. 1, 2, and 3 b. 2, 4, and 6 c. 1, 4, and 6 d. 2, 3 and 5
  2. Thalamic nucleus LGN contains: a. 4 Magnocellular ipsilateral zones b. Nystagmus c. Tectum d. Tegmentum e. Relay cells
  3. Visual thalamic projections (thalamus to cortex axons) enter the striate neocortex predominantly in this layer: a. I b. II-III c. IV d. V e. VI
  4. Blobs are revealed by strain for: a. Acetylcholinesterase oxide b. Nepotismus terrificus c. Superoxide peroxide d. Cytochrome oxidase e. Fatty acid Hydroxylase
  5. Photoreceptor to bipolar cell synapse that contains m GLUR receptors is: a. Sign inverting b. Sign conserving (ampa kainate receptor) c. Amyotrophic d. Far-sighted e. None of the above
  6. A possible construction of the simple cell's receptive fields can be achieved by: a. Three mechanoreceptors b. Divergence of complex cells c. Three center-surround LGN neurons d. Convergence of thalamic relay cells
  7. Speed of sound waves: a. 1 meter/sec b. 343 meters/sec c. 3,433 meters/sec d. 20,000 meters/sec
  8. Ultrasound is: a. Above 1,000Hz

c. Dorsal medial lemniscus d. Dorsal column

  1. Large mechanoreceptor axons from the face region project to the cerebrum via: a. Spinal cord nerves b. Trigeminal nerve c. Dorsal column d. Nasal cavity
  2. Pick the correct description somatotopy in somatosensory cortex. a. Somatotopic map is scaled to human bad b. Somatotopic map is discontinuous c. Somatotopic map is continuous d. None of the above
  3. Somatosensory receptors are: a. Located in the neocortex b. Only present in finger tips and lips c. Widely distributed throughout the body d. None of the above
  4. Pick the correct statement(s) about the thalamus: a. Located in the brainstem b. Is a part of telencephalon c. Receives only neocortical inputs d. Medial geniculate nucleus processes somatosensory information (correct: MGN- auditory info) e. Reticular nucleus contains inhibitory interneurons
  5. Thalamo-cortical and cortico-thalamic loops can modify the gain and sensitivity of the subcortical sensory information processing. a. True b. False
  6. The LGN on one side of the brain contains projections from contralateral nasal and ipsilateral temporal hemiretina. a. True b. False
  7. Retinal Ganglion cells project to the suprachiasmatic nucleus. a. True b. False
  8. Horizontal cells in the retina contain GABA. a. True b. False
  9. Cochlea is located in the middle ear. a. True

b. False (inner ear)

  1. Endocannabinoid binding to neuronal CB1 receptor causes: a. Closure of pre-synaptic potassium channels b. Closure of pre-synaptic calcium channels c. Increase on glutamate release d. None of the above
  2. In the brain: a. Brain rhythms represent slow and fast behaviors and processing abilities b. Abnormal synchrony and connectivity can cause seizures and epilepsy c. Complex brain rhythms are created because of the diverse signaling of neuronal subtypes d. All of the above
  3. Intermingling of sensory perceptions, where external stimulation may lead to associative involuntary stimulation of another sensory or cognitive pathway is: a. Nystagmania b. False perception syndrome c. Synesthesia d. Craniotomy e. Fake news f. Craniopotism
  4. What is Capgras syndrome? a. Impairment on fragile X gene b. Lack of backpropagating action potentials c. Laughing boy syndrome d. Imposter syndrome (Google says that Imposter Syndrome and Capgras Syndrome are the same thing) e. None of the above (DMG to fusiform gyrus & amygdala= lack of emotion but still recognizes people/animals as special to them/”duplicate, not my cat”)
  5. Which treatment device did Dr. Ramachandran use to help overcome ‘phantom limb’ syndrome? a. MRI therapy b. Mirror box c. Skin galvanic response d. Intrinsic optical imaging e. PET scan
  6. Pick the letter that matches the Amacrine cell:

E) E

Cell example encircles and marked by this letter is responsible for high acuity vision. Pick a letter indicating the correct anatomical structure. A) A B) B C) C (cones are associated with high acuity as they are more centrally located in the fovea) D) D E) E Which letter and arrow indicate the correct location of the damage in the visual pathways. Area of the visual field shown in black represents the area of visual deficit. A) A (cutting the optic nerve on L = lose periphery in L vice versa; technically lose vision to

the entire L side but R makes up for the binocular vision in the middle since they overlap.) B) B C) C D) D Which letter and arrow indicate the correct location of the damage in the visual pathways. Area of the visual field shown in black represents the area of visual deficit. A) A B) B (cutting the optic chiasm= lose peripheral vision in both eyes) C) C D) D E) E

Pick the correct letter indicating the external auditory meatus. A) A B) B (entirety up to tympanic membrane C) C) C D) D E) E F) F G) G H) H

Pick the correct letter indicating the oval window: A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E F) F G) G H) H

F) F

Pick the correct letter indicating the inner hair cell. A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E F) F G) G H) H

Pick the correct letter indicating the inferior colliculus. A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E F) F G) G H) H