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An in-depth exploration of the structure and functions of the alimentary canal, focusing on the mouth and stomach. It covers the layers of the alimentary canal, the roles of the muscles and mucosa, and the processes of mechanical and chemical digestion in the mouth. The document also discusses the importance of salivary glands and the swallowing mechanism.
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Tube that runs from the mouth to the anus
Salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas Food does NOT travel through the accessory organs!!
Secretes serous fluid ± Protects underlying tissues ± Lubrication of the tube prevents friction with organs in the abdominal cavity
Moves food through the tube ± Contraction of circular fibers Ȃ decreases diameter ± Contraction of longitudinal fibers Ȃ shortens tube
Smooth muscles contract rhythmically in small sections of the tube
Peristalsis Ȃ wavelike motion
Waves of contraction and relaxation ± Contraction pushes food through the tube; relaxation allows food to move into the next segment of the tube
Mastication Ȃ mechanical breakdown of food ( chewing )
Enzymes secreted in the saliva initiate chemical digestion
Composed of : skin, muscle, fat, and epithelium ± Do you remember the muscles that are located within the cheeks and are associated with chewing and facial expressions?
Composed of skeletal muscle Contain sensory receptors Ȃ detect food temperature and texture
Deciduous (primary) teeth Ȃ develop between 6 months and 4 years of age ± 20 total Ȃ 10 in the maxilla and 10 in the mandible
Permanent (secondary) teeth Ȃ develop between 6 years and 25 years of age ± 32 total Ȃ 16 in each jaw
Incisors (8) ± Bite off pieces of food Canines (4) ± Dz dz ± Grasp and tear food Premolars (8) ± Dz dz ± Grind food particles Molars (12) ± Grind food particles
*Numbers are representative of secondary teeth