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THE CULTURAL INDUSTRIES IN CANADA: GLOBAL CONTEXT, Lecture notes of Communication

Simon Fraser UniversityCommunication

Understand and apply key concepts and theoretical approaches to the study of media and cultural industries. 


Typology: Lecture notes

2018/2019

Uploaded on 05/18/2019

Kca121
Kca121 🇨🇦

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Week 1
~ What are different realms of the sector? Name three characteristics for each realm in Canada.
Slide 16 of week 1 Service goods or experience, produce reproduce store distributed, industry
~ What are the origins of the term “cultural industries”?
Week 1 slide 35
~ What other terms are used in the literature to describe the sector?
a growing proportion of the GDP in many countries
~ Name four major areas that pose challenges to the sector, give one example for each
challenge.
~ What are the layers of the ”Industrialization of Culture Framework” (Havens and Lotz, 2017).
Culture -> social trends, & traditions -> mandates -> conditions -> practices -> texts
Week 2
~ Name and define one way in which organizations can be defined and studied in the cultural
industries and name a second way in which organizations can be studied.
~ What are different mandates in the cultural industries?
Commercial mandate: by a profit-making objective, focus on high earnings and profits from
media goods, influences media contents and decisions
Non-commercial mandate: non profit making, content vary based on the type of organization
Mixed mandate: both commercial and non commercial mendates exist in the same industry
~ Name one organization and describe their main mandates. Give an example of where and
how those main mandates have been articulated in the past.
~ Name two different theoretical perspectives to study organizations and their place in society.
Institutionalism: Study of economic, political, and social phenomena. Focus on gov. and laws,
recognizes the importance of of historical content. Emphasize the role of traditional institution as
drivers of change.
New Institutionalism: Interactions of different institutions of society, how those shape individual
behaviour + meaning in society. Focus on traditional institutions as well as emergent informal
institutions + individual agents + their roles in defining change.
~ What is the garbage can model, who invented it and what is it used for?
Garbage can model: choice opportunities: for decisions to be made, chaotic ideas mix tgt
Problems -> solutions -> decision makers -> choice opportunity
Michael D. Cohen, James G. March , Johan P. Olsen in 1972
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Week 1 ~ What are different realms of the sector? Name three characteristics for each realm in Canada. Slide 16 of week 1 Service goods or experience, produce reproduce store distributed, industry ~ What are the origins of the term “cultural industries”? Week 1 slide 35 ~ What other terms are used in the literature to describe the sector? a growing proportion of the GDP in many countries ~ Name four major areas that pose challenges to the sector, give one example for each challenge. ~ What are the layers of the ”Industrialization of Culture Framework” (Havens and Lotz, 2017). Culture -> social trends, & traditions -> mandates -> conditions -> practices -> texts Week 2 ~ Name and define one way in which organizations can be defined and studied in the cultural industries and name a second way in which organizations can be studied. ~ What are different mandates in the cultural industries? Commercial mandate: by a profit-making objective, focus on high earnings and profits from media goods, influences media contents and decisions Non-commercial mandate : non profit making, content vary based on the type of organization Mixed mandate : both commercial and non commercial mendates exist in the same industry ~ Name one organization and describe their main mandates. Give an example of where and how those main mandates have been articulated in the past. ~ Name two different theoretical perspectives to study organizations and their place in society. Institutionalism : Study of economic, political, and social phenomena. Focus on gov. and laws, recognizes the importance of of historical content. Emphasize the role of traditional institution as drivers of change. New Institutionalism : Interactions of different institutions of society, how those shape individual behaviour + meaning in society. Focus on traditional institutions as well as emergent informal institutions + individual agents + their roles in defining change. ~ What is the garbage can model, who invented it and what is it used for? Garbage can model : choice opportunities: for decisions to be made, chaotic ideas mix tgt Problems -> solutions -> decision makers -> choice opportunity Michael D. Cohen, James G. March , Johan P. Olsen in 1972

Explain uncertainties and irrationalities that exist in the decision making. Week 3 ~ Governments set frameworks in which cultural industries function. Please complete the following: (1) Outline the five general approaches governments can choose to define frameworks for the cultural industry market; and (2) Describe one (current or past) governmental program in Canada, including in your response the main aims of the program as well as who is the main beneficiary of the program. 1 -> legislate, regulate, subsidize, deregulate, re-regulate 2 -> Creative Canada Policy Framework, aim to place Canada as a world leader in the creative industry, benefits the gov. And internet providers and broadcasters ~ Explain the concentration problem in media markets. Describe different forms of concentration and explain why media markets tend to have high concentration. Disadvantages for smaller companies as larger companies collaborate, decrease competitors and options -> limit content for audiences. Economics of scope : Different content to use again, reuse ideas of music or game = cross promotion Economics for scale : The larger amount of product is being produced, the cheaper it is. Self ex: ikea, producing so much furnitures all at once The average cost of producing a good decreases as the # of units produced increases. With large-scale production -> certain fixed costs ~ Media markets play a critical role in cultural industries. Please address the following: (1) Outline the key specific components of media markets; (2) Explain what it means when we speak of the dual nature of media markets; and (3) Provide one example to illustrate the duality of media markets. 1 -> week 3b, slide 8 2 -> producers can earn money from consumers buying tickets and also from ads 3 -> movie at the theatre Week 5 ~ Outline the Canadian Content provisions. Why is Canadian Content a critical policy aim for the Canadian Cultural industries? Certification of Canadian content : Canadian producer + 6/10 creative elements + 75% of suspense must be in Canada. Producers have to make sure that they are about to produce Canadian content. Rules: make sure ppl who see the movie will promote Canadian content. At least 55% from private stations ~ Outline and explain the determinants of pluralism in media markets. a) How large and economically viable a market is

~ Innovation is not necessarily a good thing. Who or what drives innovation in the cultural industries? Who or what hinders innovation in the cultural industries? Organizations don’t innovate b/c they don’t wanna redo their business, too risky ~ ”All innovation is disruptive”. Discuss this statement using Clayton M. Christensen’s theory of “disruptive innovation”. Week 7, slide 16 ~ Consider the properties of media organizations that we discussed at the beginning of the course and imagine you had to lead an innovation process in a media organization. Which type of media organization would this most likely be and which different aspects would you have to take into account to lead your innovation to be successful? Name at least four different aspects. wholesale model : publisher sets a recommended selling price and sell the media goods to the retailer at 50% of the price. It is up to the retailer of how much to charge. Sometimes charge lower to attract customers Agency model : publisher sets a retail price, Apple has a deal w the publisher(Amazon) w the price. Apple gets 30% of the sale and Apple will attract customers by having the lowest selling price from the publisher.