BIOL 1110 REEDER
THE CELL AND TISSUE ORGANIZATION
LAB 3
I. Read and Complete Exercises (pp. 30-34)
A. Organelles: requires electron microscopy except for chloroplasts as in Elodea
II. Tissues: Read and Answer Appropriate questions beginning at p. 71
A. Tissues: a group of closely associated similar cells that work together to carry out specific
functions
B. Representative Tissue Types: 4 representative groups
1. Muscle: cells specialized for contraction; p. 71, 72, 74
a. Skeletal, striated, or voluntary: Draw and Label: nucleus, striation
b. Cardiac: striated, intercalated discs, branching network; involuntary Draw and Label:
nucleus, striation, branching arrangements of cells
c. Smooth, or visceral: found in walls of various organs; involuntary
2. Nervous: cells (neurons) specialized for conducting impulses; p. 75-76
a. Draw and label a neuron: cell body, dendrite, axon (if possible)
3. Epithelial: cells functioning to line and cover for protection, secretion, etc., p. 76, 77, 78
a. Squamous cells as lining the human cheek, human and frog skin, covering the leaf
1. Draw
and label the following
a. Cheek cells: membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm
b. Leaf epidermis (p. 66): guard cells, stomata (an opening)
b. Cuboidal: draw and label cells lining kidney ducts: nucleus, membrane
c. Columnar: draw and label cells from the intestines: nucleus, membrane, goblet cell,
mucus
d. Pseudostratified Ciliated columnar: Cells from the trachea (windpipe); cilia and multi-
nucleated; isolated, clear goblet cells for secretion (mucus). Draw and Label: cilia,
goblet cell, nucleus
4. Connective: most abundant tissue type joining different body parts as well as support to
other tissues; p. 78, 79, 80. Draw and label the following:
a. Compact bone: osteocytes (bone cells) dispersed in the solid bone matrix (calcium
carbonate & protein fibers), Haversian canal; note the concentric rings representing bone
growth
b. Hyaline Cartilage: Draw and Label: cells within lacuna; elastic fibers (faintly seen)
c. Adipose: fat cells-review structures
d. Vascular (blood): liquid matrix (plasma) containing dissolved substances and
functioning cells: draw and label red blood cells (erythrocytes) which are the most
numerous, smaller and unnucleated; white blood cells (leukocytes) that are sparsely
found normally, much larger and containing a nucleus of many shapes and lobes
depending on the type; platelets: cell fragments
C. Skin p. 82
1. Note the upper epidermis of many layers of squamous epithelium supported underneath by
the dermis of connective tissue.
2. These two layers (the skin) in turn supported by subcutaneous tissue composed of adipose
tissue.
3. Note a hair follicle and related glands.
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