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The calvin cycle is a biochemical process that converts carbon dioxide (co2) into sugar using atp and nadph produced during the light reactions of photosynthesis. This process involves three main phases: carbon fixation, reduction, and regeneration of the starting material, rubp. For every three co2 molecules that enter the cycle, six three-carbon sugar molecules (glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, or g3p) are produced, with a net gain of three carbons.
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The Calvin cycle uses ATP and NADPH to convert CO 2 to sugar:
ATP and NADPH produced by the light reactions are used in the Calvin cycle to reduce carbon dioxide to sugar.
For the Calvin cycle to synthesize one molecule of sugar (G3P), three molecules of CO 2 Must enter the cycle. The cycle may be divided into three phases:
Phase 1: Carbon Fixation. The Calvin cycle begins when each molecule of CO 2 is attached to a five-carbon sugar, ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP).
Phase 2: Reduction. This endergonic reduction phase is a two-step process that couples ATP hydrolysis with the reduction of 3-phosphoglycerate to glyceraldehyde phosphate.
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Phase 3: Regeneration of Starting Material (RuBP). A complex series of reactions rearranges the carbon skeletons of five G3P molecules into three RuBP molecules.
For the net synthesis of one G3P molecule, the Calvin cycle uses the products of the light reactions:
G3P produced by the Calvin cycle is the raw material used to synthesize glucose and other carbohydrates.