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The Anthropocene: Humanity's Profound Impact on the Environment, Exams of Human Geography

University of Connecticut (UConn) - StamfordHuman Geography

The profound impact that human activities have had on the environment, particularly in the anthropocene epoch. It covers a wide range of topics, including land transformation, greenhouse gas emissions, freshwater usage, nitrogen fixation, eutrophication, biodiversity loss, population growth, ecosystem services, mass extinctions, climate change, light pollution, and emerging technologies like crispr. A comprehensive overview of the key environmental challenges facing the planet and the various ways in which human activities have contributed to these issues. It also discusses potential solutions and strategies for mitigating the negative impacts of human activity on the environment. Overall, this document offers a detailed and insightful look at the complex relationship between humans and the natural world, and the urgent need to address the environmental crises of the anthropocene.

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 09/30/2024

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EEB 2100e Exam 2 2024/2025 with Ready
Answers
1. 45% - ✔✔land transformation caused by humans
2. 44% - ✔✔amount of co2 concentration added by humans
3. 50% - ✔✔amount of freshwater used by humans
4. nitrogen - ✔✔limiting element for growth in many ecosystems
5. Industrial fixation (Haber-Bosch process)
Fertilizer crops (legumes)
Burning of fossil fuels - ✔✔how humans contribute to nitrogen
fixation
6. runoff - ✔✔what causes eutrophication
7. 50% of available freshwater, 70% of this is used for agriculture -
✔✔human water use
8. baby boomers - ✔✔generation with largest carbon footprint
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Download The Anthropocene: Humanity's Profound Impact on the Environment and more Exams Human Geography in PDF only on Docsity!

EEB 2100e Exam 2 2024/2025 with Ready

Answers

  1. 45% - ✔✔land transformation caused by humans
  2. 44% - ✔✔amount of co2 concentration added by humans
  3. 50% - ✔✔amount of freshwater used by humans
  4. nitrogen - ✔✔limiting element for growth in many ecosystems
  5. Industrial fixation (Haber-Bosch process) Fertilizer crops (legumes) Burning of fossil fuels - ✔✔how humans contribute to nitrogen fixation
  6. runoff - ✔✔what causes eutrophication
  7. 50% of available freshwater, 70% of this is used for agriculture - ✔✔human water use
  8. baby boomers - ✔✔generation with largest carbon footprint
  1. Paleozoic Mesozoic Cenozoic - ✔✔3 eras of geological time Neogene
  2. Quaternary - ✔✔2 periods of geological time
  3. Pleistocene
  4. Holocene
  5. Anthropocene - ✔✔3 epochs of geological time
  6. KT boundary - ✔✔iridium rich boundary between the Cretaceous and the Paleogene ; support for asteroid impact
  7. pleistocene mega faunal extinctions dawn of agriculture globalization and columbian interchange industrial revolution the great acceleration - ✔✔start of Anthropocene theories
  8. Palynology - ✔✔study of pollen Primary research article Review paper Idea papers and perspectives

Empowerment of women (education, opportunity) Costs of raising children - ✔✔3 main factors affecting fertility rate

  1. pollination, decomposition, nutrient cycling - ✔✔examples of ecosystem services
  2. Metazoans - ✔✔multicellular animals
  3. Large changes in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations Release of methane from long term stores Ocean acidification Ocean anoxia Bolide impacts - ✔✔main reasons for mass extinctions
  4. pollination, herbivory, detritivory, nutrient cycling, pest control - ✔✔processes that need insects
  5. Russia, Australia, Amazon, and USA - ✔✔areas that have seen unprecedented fires
  6. bees, moth, butterflies, flies, beetles, various bird, bats, other mammals, even geckos - ✔✔most important pollinators
  1. Bombus counts per square meter/minute on cape cod haven't changed since 1990 No change in bee communities in montane national park in Spain Butterflied targeted for restoration have had their demographics turned around in western and northern europe
  2. Some aquatic insects increasing in number in Europe and USA - ✔✔examples of insect populations that are NOT declining
  3. 59% - ✔✔percent of Connecticut covered in forest
  4. afforestation - ✔✔establishment of trees in an area where there was little previous tree cover
  5. corals - ✔✔the most biodiverse of ecosystems Ocean acidification prevents corals from building their skeleton Corals can dissolve Increased temperature causes bleaching, leaving corals white without symbiotic algae Fishing practices can cause damage to reefs Fertilizer can cause overgrowth of bacteria
  6. Crown of thorn starfish eat the coral - ✔✔problems facing corals
  7. 50% - ✔✔how much has coral cover decreased since 1957

Light pollution affects most taxa This includes plants, vertebrates and invertebrates

  1. It affects the food chain with an increased predation for a number of species
  2. The animals that are affected the most are sea turtles, frogs, moths and toads
  3. The artificial light restricts these animals and leads them to where they are not supposed to be Also repels some organisms which results in habitat loss - ✔✔consequences of light pollution
  4. Due to light pollution moths are generally less attracted to light than those who have not been exposed to the pollution Light pollution has caused high mortality rates in moths due to them avoiding lights due to constant exposure Fireflies use their light communicate and light pollution is disrupting mating season
  5. The light pollution deceives the fireflies which results in a decrease of population due to less mating - ✔✔effects of light pollution on moths & fireflies Light pollution washes out the starlight within our skies Wastes energy Disrupts research astronomically Has health effects such as headaches, stress, fatigue, sleep deprivation and anxiety Effects ecosystems (especially nocturnal)

Can confuse migration patterns of species

  1. Increases energy consumption - ✔✔effects of light pollution on humans
  2. low nutrients, low productivity, clear - ✔✔Oligotrophic lake
  3. high nutrients, high productivity, green - ✔✔Eutrophic lake
  4. phosphorus - ✔✔____ limits growth in lakes Increased turbidity (reduced light at lower depths and loss of refuge/feeding areas) Blooms of algae, cyanobacteria, and photosynthetic protists
  5. Lead to anoxic and hypoxic conditions when photosynthetic organisms die - ✔✔Consequences of marine eutrophication
  6. fertilizer runoff - ✔✔major source of marine eutrophication
  7. 40 to 300 - ✔✔Red tide frequency in china increased from____ to _____ per year between 1965- 1975
  8. marine algal blooms that producer toxins that can accumulate in shellfish and cause illness to people who eat them - ✔✔what are red tides?
  1. Oligotrophic grasslands and bogs - ✔✔communities harmed by Eutrophication of terrestrial ecosystems due to air pollution
  2. technologies in the 1950s massively increased global agricultural production, better nutrition - ✔✔Green Revolution
  3. medicine, manufacture, construction, packaging - ✔✔main uses of plastic
  4. minute plastic fragments (break down products) now ubiquitous on oceans and on land - ✔✔microplastics
  5. 8.3 billion tons - ✔✔amount of plastic use since the 1950s
  6. 73% - ✔✔percent of beach litter worldwide that is plastic Limit use of single use plastic Stop entry of plastic waste from rivers Explore biotechnology to speed decomposition of plastic Improve recycling technology, invest in research and development Hold companies accountable
  7. Legislate measures to address the problem - ✔✔solutions to plastic pollution

UV damages both RNA and DNA High exposures can trigger mutations, burns and cell death Many bacteria killed outright by high UV exposure - extrapolate effects to your cells Skin aging Some mutations can lead to skin cancer

  1. Know that some sun exposure serves beneficial functions (to form vitamins, set circadian rhythms, trigger serotonin synthesis, and can contribute to physical and mental wellness) - ✔✔effects of UV exposure (positive + negative)
  2. Used as refrigerants, aerosol propellant and in some plastics - ✔✔what are CFCs used for
  3. damaging the ozone layer - ✔✔harmful effects of CFCs Genetic modification of humans Inserting new sections or replacing portions of a genome
  4. Genetic modification of crops to be more resilient to climate change - ✔✔What is possible using CRISPR technology?
  5. Planting vegetation on river banks - ✔✔There are ocean dead zones in many places around the world. Which of these would help mitigate this problem?
  1. Low nutrients to high nutrients - ✔✔A lake was clear until people started mass farming nearby. It went from what to what? (Multiple answers)
  2. Corn and soy farming in Wisconsin - ✔✔There are algae blooms leading to fish die-offs in the Gulf of Mexico, which of these is causing this?
  3. declines in the abundance and biomass of insects - ✔✔Which of these has the greatest ecological consequence?
  4. urban area AND a city - ✔✔Placetownville has a population of 73,000 people with an average of 2 people living in each acre. Placetownville is an...
  5. Impervious surface area - ✔✔What is the main reason that cities tend to be warmer than rural areas?
  6. The hotter neighborhood was redlined based on race by the government, so less of the funding for trees and green spaces was used in that area - ✔✔A neighborhood of a city has historically been occupied by people of color, why might it be hotter and have worse air quality than a neighboring historically white neighborhood?
  1. Rock Pigeon (what you would normally think of when hearing pigeon) - ✔✔Which of these is an anthrophilic species?
  2. Reduced seed production in species requiring cross pollination - ✔✔Habitat Fragmentation causes both negative edge effects and isolation. Which of these consequences is a result of isolation and not edge effects?

  3. 70% - ✔✔What percentage of remaining forest is within 1 km of forest edge? Amount of edge area Metapopulation dynamics Distance from other fragments

  4. Area - ✔✔When looking at fragmented habitat, which of these are important factors when assessing how a patch can support species richness?
  5. People planting trees where there used to be important prairie habitat - ✔✔Which of these scenarios is an example of Afforestation?
  6. beef - ✔✔Which of these industries has the highest environmental footprint?
  1. Loss is the conversion to non-habitat and degradation is the conversion to lower value habitat - ✔✔What is the difference between habitat loss and habitat degradation? PFAS stands for per-/polyfluoroalkyl substances
  2. There are waters in Connecticut where you advised to avoid fish consumption due to PFAS
  3. PFAS are a believed to cause of cancers and other major health issues - ✔✔Which of the following statements are true about PFAS?
  4. 600 million; 7.7 billion - ✔✔Fill in the blanks: The global human population went from (blank) in 1700 to (blank) in 2019.
  5. A science based network of volunteer experts from almost every country of the world dedicated to the conservation of nature - ✔✔What is the IUCN? Ocean acidification Release of methane from long term stores (e.g. arctic permafrost) Ocean anoxia
  6. Large changes in atmospheric co2 concentrations - ✔✔Which of the following are past causes of previous mass extinctions?
  7. All the individuals of a species that have the capacity to breed with each other - ✔✔What is a population?
  1. Photosynthetic organisms that convert the sun's energy into fuel other lifeforms can use - ✔✔What are primary producers? Water purification Timber production Bringing in tourism
  2. Support for mental health - ✔✔Which of the following are examples of valuable ecosystem services? Nature provides trillions of dollars worth of invisible economic value Poorer communities depend on ecosystem services and ecological infostructure for their survival
  3. Private profits gained by exploiting the environment are not worth the public losses - ✔✔Which of the following are true statements from Pavan Sukhdev's Ted Talk about the value of nature?
  4. The costs of a private company that are passed onto other third parties. Such as when a company uses the water of a village to legally make soda, but now the village has no water for drinking or agriculture. - ✔✔What are externalities?
  5. Because if there is less genetic variation, there is a lower chance a population will be able to survive and adapt to changes in environment, diseases, and other pressures. - ✔✔What is one reason genetic diversity is important?