Why Are We Here?
(The Accident Loss of Control Record)
ICAO Loss of Control Symposium May 20-22, 2014
1
Dennis A. Crider
Chief Technical Advisor, Vehicle Simulation
National Transportation Safety Board
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Loss of Control Accidents: Data and Analysis, Study notes of Public Law
An overview of loss of control (LOC) accidents in aviation, including data sources, event factors, and stall examples. It also discusses the importance of addressing elements in the accident chain and new training methods. LOC by flight regime and event factors, with specific examples of stall accidents and their causes.
What you will learn
- What are the key event factors that contribute to loss of control accidents?
- What are the main data sources for loss of control accidents in aviation?
- What are some notable examples of loss of control accidents caused by stalls?
- What new training methods are being developed to address loss of control accidents?
- How can the accident chain be addressed to prevent loss of control accidents?
Typology: Study notes
2021/2022
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Why Are We Here?
(The Accident Loss of Control Record)
ICAO Loss of Control Symposium May 20-22, 2014
Dennis A. Crider
Chief Technical Advisor, Vehicle Simulation
National Transportation Safety Board
LOC Accident / Incident Data Set
- NTSB LOC data collection
- Dick Newman (Crew Systems) and
Tony Lambregts
- 2008 paper
- Frequently quoted
- NASA
- Wouldn’t it be nice to work together?
- Broader LOC dataset
TakeoffInitial ClimbClimbCruiseDescentHoldingApproachVFR PatternCirclingFinal ApproachLandingGo-aroundMissed ApproachManeuvering
Events
Events
On-Board Fatalities
On-Board Fatalities
LOC by Flight Regime
Stall Examples
• Pinnacle Airlines, Flight 3701
• Bombardier CL-600-2B
• Aircraft stalled at high altitude
• Colgan Air Flight 3407
• Bombardier DHC-8-
• Stalled on approach to Buffalo
02:54:30 02:54:40 02:54:50 02:55:00 02:55:10 02:55:
0
20
40
60
80
0
10
20
30
40 Right
Bank Angle (deg)
Time (Hr:Min:Sec)
Roll - left system Roll - right system
Right
Left
Wheel (deg)
Left Wheel Right Wheel
Left
02:54:30 02:54:40 02:54:50 02:55:00 02:55:10 02:55:
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Angle of Attack (deg)
Time (Hr:Min:Sec)
FDR Angle of Attack
Nose Up
Elevator (deg)
FDR elevator
Nose down
95520 95530 95540 95550 95560 95570
0
5
10
15
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Control Column (deg)
FDR Time (sec)
Left Column
Right Column
Upset
Left Angle of Attack
Right Angle of Attack
Angle of Attack (deg)
13
Precursor Sequence
Loss of Energy State Awareness / Inappropriate Energy Management
Stall / Departure
Improper / Ineffective Recovery
Normal Flight Crew LOC Fatigue / Impairment
Colgan Air 3407 (2/12/2009)
Loss of Energy State Awareness / Inappropriate Energy Management
Stall / Departure
Improper / Ineffective Recovery
Normal Flight Ground
Impact
Engine failure
Pinnacle 3701 (10/14/2004)
Stall Cues
- Stick Shaker
- Ignored
- Stick Pusher
- Fought
- Stick pusher dynamics not
recognized
- Un-commanded Roll
- Not recognized
National Transportation
Safety Board
Upsets from Stalls due to Icing
• Saab 340: Eildon Weir, Australia,
• November 1998
• 2300-foot altitude loss
• Saab 340: Albury, Australia,
• June 2004
• 40-foot altitude loss
• Saab 340: San Luis Obispo, CA, USA
• January 2006
• 5000-foot altitude loss
Lift Coefficient - C
L
Angle of Attack - α (deg)
Albury
Eildon Weir
American Eagle 3008
No ice lift curve
Saab 340 Icing Event Comparison
19
Precursor Sequence
Ice Contamination
Stall / Departure
Improper / Ineffective Recovery
Normal Flight LOC Icing
Stall Cues with Ice
- Stick Shaker
- May be after departure
- Stick Pusher
- May be after departure
- Natural stall cues
- Un-commanded Roll
- Buffet
- Stall break