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Index: Introduction Objectives Week 1: The New Frontier Week 2: The Civil Rights Movement Week 3: The Great Society Week 4: The Vietnam War Week 5: Pop Culture of the 1960s/ Counterculture Week 6 : The Women's Movement Bibliography/Annotated Student Reading List Unscrable Review Worksheet The Civil Rights Movement Worksheet Survey For Parents Vietnam Interview Vocabulary - Vietnam War Worksheet Worksheet: Vietnam War Questions Worksheet: Vietnam Interview Worksheet: Activity-The 1960's American History Jeopardy - 1960s Answer Keys
The 1960s: An Era of Social Change
by Irma Bocard
Introduction
Camelot and Vietnam, Martin Luther King Jr., the New frontier and the Great Society were the focus of this decade in the United States. The music- songs like "I Want to Hold Your Hand", and "Imagine" and the Beatles were all a part of this exciting decade. The images and events of the 1960s were linked to the events and trends of the forties and fifties. If we take a look at our society today, then we can see the shadows and influences of the past which exist today and influence the present. For example, civil rights became a national priority in the 1960s, although this particular issue began in the decade of the 1950s. The development of the microchip revolutionized the computer industry and started us on our present course being on the information super highway by the ever-approaching twenty-first century.
Similarly, the Cold War continued to drive America's foreign policy. After the anti-colonial forces in French Indo-China defeated the French in 1954, the United States supported South Vietnam over Ho Chi Minh's communist government in the North. By 1965, President Lyndon Johnson had committed the U.S. troops to the struggle, and the war steadily increased as the decade wore on and the war seemed ceaseless.
By the middle of the decade, 1965, many Americans wanted the troops home. However a majority of Americans supported the war until 1968. The war had taken a disastrous toll on the lives of the young men involved in the war. Support of the public began to drop in 1968. After the Tet, fewer than half approved of America's involvement in South East Asia. Actually President Nixon was reducing U.S. troop strength by 1970, but war was still going on and, in some cases, being intensified. There were conflicts on college campuses, a widening gap between college age baby boomers and their parents. This unit will have a focus on the issues between parents and students/children which created the Generation cap.
The 1960s were the high point of the civil rights movement, led by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. There were marches, freedom rides, voter registration drives, and sit-ins, all of which demonstrated the need for effective legislation which led to the passage of the federal Civil Rights Acts of 1964 and 1968 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965. This unit will present the idea that the sixties were fascinating, violent, and a decade of turmoil.
This unit on the 1960s will encompass specifically the following:
I. An Era of Social chance
II. New Frontier And the great Society
III. Civil Rights
IV. Vietnam War Years
V. Pop Culture of the 1960s
VI. The Women's Movement
Objectives:
I have six objectives for this unit, which will give the student a sweeping view of the 1960s. They are:
- To get students involved and informed in and about the culture of the 1960s so that they may form creative opinions about the 1960s. With knowledge, students are able to come up with some interesting and insightful opinions and deep thoughts about particular issues.
- To get students to describe the advances in the Civil Rights movement made during the Kennedy and Johnson years. These two Presidents had a profound effect on the outcome of the struggles for first class citizenship for blacks and other minorities
- To get students to appreciate the sacrifices made by those involved in the struggles for equal rights in the 1960s, which had the effect of and translated into a much better life for them today.
- To help the students to become informed about why Vietnam was a long unpopular War.
- To get students to identify the forces that created the women's rights movement and discuss some of its aspects, successes, and ongoing influences today.
- To get students to define the language of the pop culture of the sixties, its values, beliefs, attitudes, and music.
Strategies
Primary sources will be very important in the teaching of this unit.
space race' from 1965 to 1968 Wednesday: Discussion: The Bay of Pigs invasion, Cuban Missile Crisis. Vocabulary from Text: pp. 498,499-500, 6'- Thursday: Discussion: Peace Corps; Test Ban treaty; The Tragedy in Dallas; Review Week Friday: Quiz; In class essay: Possible Topic: (An historical exercise, intended to (yet some creative feedback) (^) Topic sentence: If President Kennedy had not been assassinated his Presidency would have been ...
Major Discussion Topics
- How did television influence the debate and the final outcome of the 1960 Presidential election?
- What were the goals of Kennedy's New Frontier?
- What were the plans of the administration for America's space program?
- What were President Kennedy's foreign policy goals? Discuss the Bay of Pigs and military intervention in Cuba (by teacher).
- How did the Kennedy administration impact the civil rights movement?
Week 2: The Civil Rights Movement
This week we will concentrate on the civil rights movement of the 1960s. The struggle for equal rights for Blacks did not get its start in the 1960s. Blacks have been the focus of the struggle for equal rights for first class citizenship long before the 1960s.
After the Civil War, Blacks were given their citizenship by the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution and Black males the right to vote as provided by the Fifteenth Amendment to the Constitution. Blacks became active in the political arena for a short time, but after 1877 Black rights became a thing of the past as the South was "redeemed" by racists Whites. It became increasingly difficult for Blacks to exercise their rights as provided by the Constitution.
African-Americans have always heard their nation's call to arms in its fight against tyranny, yet the rights that were fought for were always for someone else, the Anglo Saxon. Whites represented home, mom, and apple pie. Blacks, after having been used and cast aside, decided that their rights were worth fighting, for and dying for, if need be.
Beginning in the 1950s, African Americans began using the sit-in to protest segregation. At these sit-ins, activists would sit at lunch counters in segregated restaurants and, when they were refused service, they simply stayed where they were. Some sit-ins were effective, but they were often met with violence, and the protesters were placed in jail. Other more effective forms of protest followed such as the boycott, marches, picketing etc., and eventually they were effective. There were many Black Americans who died, giving up there all for the freedom we enjoy today as Black Americans.
Week 2: The Civil Rights Movement Assignments ( in class/ homework) Monday: Review Friday s Quiz: Introduction of Topic. The Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s: Text: Chapter 22 Vocabulary/ Text - pp.515,521,527; additional terms supplied by instructor
Tuesday: Review vocabulary; Film: Eyes On The Prize I America's Civil Rights Years 1954-1965 (We will begin with: Sit-ins, 1960) Film will be stopped and discussion will take place The following will be viewed and discussed: (a) Sit-ins, 1960; (b) Who Shall Lead?, 1962; (c) Birmingham, Part 1, 1963;
Wednesday: Film will be carried over into a second day- Discussion of the following excerpts will be discussed (d) Birmingham, Part 11, 1963; (e) Power and the vote, 196,4; Selma, 1965
Assignment: Students will write brief profiles of these Civil Rights leaders and activists: (Assignment due on Friday) half of the class will do the first six and the other half the other six (the teacher will make the assignments)
W.E.B. DuBois
Medgar Evers
Fannie Lou Hamer
James Hicks
Martin Luther King Jr.
Thurgood Marshall
Bob Moses
Roy Wilkins
Malcolm X
Jesse Jackson
Andrew Young
Rosa Parks
Thursday: Read Profiles in class Critique by students and instructor Resource person on the March of Washington. Discussion of Dr. Martin Luther King's Speech: "I Have A Dream" Students will trace the route of the March On Washington (using notes from class discussions)
Friday: Brief Review; Written Test
Major Discussions Topics:
- What means of protest were taken by civil rights activists?
- Who were some of the more prominent civil rights activists?
- How effective was the March On Washington?
- What is Black Power?
- What legislation was passed to give Blacks, legally, what they deserved?
successful war in American history." (America Pathways To The Present; Guide: pp, Ch 3 1)
In our discussion of the Vietnam War we will focus on:
(a) Reasons for United States involvement
(b) Protest on college campuses
(c) Young men who evaded the draft
(d) Celebrity protest
(f) Impact of the war on the Black community in the United States
(g) The end of the war
Week 4: Assignments ( in class/ homework ) Monday: Introduction to Vietnam/ United States involvement in Vietnam / Read Text: chapter 23: pp.537- Tuesday: Student Protest of the Vietnam War/ Discussion, Text: pp.552--5- Essay: Student Opposition to the Vietnam War (Class Assignment) Wednesday: Vocabulary / Debate/ Hawks & Doves Class will debate the Vietnam War Assignment: Write brief profiles of the following major players in the Vietnam War: ( See attached list)
Thursday: Text Discussion / The Tet Offensive^ -^ History of the United States Volume 2: pp. 547, 551- Class Assignment: Writing News headlines about the Vietnam War Writing Assignment: Imagine you are in high school in 1968; write a letter to President Johnson advising him about his war policies. Enrichment Worksheets (attached) Friday : Review / Written Quiz
Week 5: Pop Culture of the 1960s/ Counterculture The 1960s ushered in more than the civil rights movement, Vietnam War and civil unrest in the cities. Many young, people had to deal with the war and the lack of interest in what their parents had taught them and a kind of malaise about their values and life in general. Life was not working out for many, so they just "dropped out."
Many young Americans simply refused to accept the traditional values of this society. This break with the status quo, led to a counterculture that embraced the ideas of freedom and individuality. This idea of "do your own thing", pervaded the lives of America's youth. They experimented with new forms of dress, music, men let there hair grow long and wore beads.
This counterculture and pop culture not only experimented with how they looked, but also their relationships. What used to be taboo they wanted and considered it a personal choice to do what "felt good." The sexual revolution, was born. Men and women now lived as they pleased, shacking up, free
love, communes, and the culture of drugs.
Music also contributed to the beat of the sixties. Recording artists such as The Beatles, Jimi Hendrix, Janis Joplin, the Doors, Marvin Gaye and Kris Kristofferson. The songs they wrote and sang reflected the mood of the pop culture of the day. The "anything- goes attitude" of the decade was prevalent In society. This week we will examine the following:
(1) The discuss of the reasons for teens and those in their twenties to "drop out" of society. (2) Profile of this new generation (a) Beliefs and Values (b) New Ideas (c) New religious Movements
- Living Arrangements
Monday: Text: Read/ Introduction/ Vocabulary Text: Chapter 24: pp.570- Tuesday: Discussion: What brought on this pop culture? Assignment: Interview two people from the 1960s Wednesday: Music of the 1960s; Woodstock Music Festival The Beatles; slang words of the 1960s Thursday: Religious movement; fashion, art, communes Movies: excerpts from videos: "Jesus Christ Superstar" "The Way We Were" Friday: Review / Written Quiz
Week 6 : The Women's Movement
Before American Women received the right to vote, they were active in the pursuit of this right. There were those who took to the streets with signs in hand, demanding the right to vote. The women's rights movement did not have the support of all women, even some women thought that women were asking for too much. The women's rights movement of the sixties was a different thing. There were those women who still thought that women were trying, to vacate the place set aside for them and this was unamerican.
The time was right and ripe for the women's movement of the sixties. Women had been in their place, for sometime and it was about time that they became more vocal. Betty Friedan book The Feminine Mystique, in 1963 condemned what she called the "domestic captivity of women." Women were ready to break out of the mold of being just "housewives." The status of women began to chance in the American Society. Women's liberation, feminism became all the rage and being a woman meant more than it had in the past.
Monday: Text/ Overview; Chapter 25: pp 600-605; Class Discussion: The Past Role of Women in American Society Tuesday: The Pursuit of Women's Rights Goals of NOW / Read excerpts from: The Feminine Mystique by Betty Friedan Wednesday: Legislation: profiles of some women activists Roe v Wade: Discussion Thursday: Women in Politics; Portrayal of women in the Movies; The changing, "place" of women in American Society Friday: Review/ Written test
Anderson, Terry. The Sixties. Texas A&M University. New York, Longman. 1999.
Bernhard, Virginia; Burner, David and Genovese, Elizabeth. Firsthand America, A History of the
United States; Debates on American History Vol. 2. Brandywine Press, New York 1980.
Brinkley, Douglass. History of the United States. Viking, Published by the Pen-Juin Group 1998.
Chafe, Williams. The Unfinished Journey: American Since World War 11.3rd.ed. 1995 by Oxford University Press, inc.
Jennings, Peter and Brewter, Todd. The Century. Doubleday 1998. New York. 1998.
America Through the Eyes of Its People: Primary Sources in American History. 1997 Longman Publishers.
History of the United States: Vol. 2: Civil War to the Present. Houchton Miffin Company.
Williams, Jamye Coleman.(ed.)The Negro Speaks: The Rhetoric of Contemporary Black
Leaders. Noble and Noble, Publishers, Inc. New York 1970.
Turbulent Years: The 60s. Our American Century. Time Life Books 1998.
Student Reading List
Bernard, Virginia and Bumer, David. Firsthand America: A History of the United States. Debates on American History. Vol. 2: 1991 Brandywine Press. New York. 1996.
Camine, Douglas, Don Steely, and Silbert, Jerry. Understanding United States History: Vol.2: Reconstruction to World Leadership, University of Oreoon 1996.
DiBacco, Thomas. History of the United States: Vol 2: Civil War to the Present. Houghton Muffin Company. 1992.
Friedan, Betty. The Feminine Mystique, New York: W.W.Norton, 1963
Murrin, John and Johnson, Paul. Liberty, Equality Power: A Histofy of the American People.
Harcourt Brace Collece Publishers. 1996
Name ____________________ Date _________ Score _______
Review Worksheet: (Week 2)
Directions : Unscramble the following words.
- n i s t i s
- n l a x k u l u k
- n t o I a I n I m r I d e s
- s g t n h I g t I o r u
- s t o i r e c a r
- r e w o p k c a I b
Describe a Sit-in.
Name ____________________ Date _________ Score _______ The Civil Rights Movement
Review Worksheet: Matching (Week 2)
___ Jesse Jackson
___ CORE
___ SCLC
___ Rosa Parks
___ freedom fighters
___ Stokely Carmichael
___ Fannie Lou Hamer
___ sit-ins
___ Civil Rights Act 1964
___ Elijah Muhammad
___ Malcolm X
___ Governor George Wallace
___ Martin Luther King
___ Klu Klux Klan
___ SNCC
- Were you treated fairly on your job? If not, explain.
- Were there racial tensions outside of your community? Explain.
- Were you involved in any aspect of the civil rights movement in your community? If so, describe.
Name ____________________ Date _________ Score _______ Vietnam Interview (week 4) Draftee: Name:
Occupation:
**1. What were you doing when the United States not involved in the Vietnam Conflict?
- When were you drafted?
- Did you understand why the United States had asked you to go to war? Explain.
- Where did you train?
- When your training was over, did you feel you were ready for the unknown land of Vietnam? Explain.
- Did you receive an injury? Explain.
- How were you treated by your family and other Americans when you returned?**
8. Do you think your service and the lives of those who died were worth the United States setting involved. Explain.
Name ____________________ Date _________ Score _______ Enrichment Worksheet: Vietnam War (Week 4)
Vocabulary: Search and identify the following
- Vietminh
- Viet Cong
- Ho Chi Minh
- Ho Chi Minh Trail
- Laos
- Cambodia
- Coup
- Domino Theory
- Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
- General Westmoreland
- Vietnamization
- Hanoi
Name ____________________ Date _________ Score _______ Worksheet: Vietnam War (Week 4)
Answer the following questions:
- What caused the United States involvement in Vietnam?
Objective: To evaluate the role of some of the key players of the 1960s.
Procedure: Six students will be chosen- volunteers, to play a particular role. Each student will take on the persona of one activist, personality that had an affect on the 1960s. The student will do research on their particular personality.
Possible Personalities: Martin Luther King, President John Kennedy Malcolm X, Betty Friedan, Paul McCarthy, Rosa Parks, General Westmoreland Lt. William Cally,
One interviewer: Student
After all research students will present their information on the show as that character. The student who has been chosen the interviewer will as prepared question and the audience will take notes. later the audience will be able to ask their questions of the panel. (Time will be provided for students to rehearse their presentations.)
Other classes and teachers will be invited to take part in this activity.
Name ____________________ Date _________ Score _______ American History Jeopardy - 1960s
Civil Rights Activists
March on Washington
Civil Rights Dates
Opposition Leaders 1960s Pop Culture
Vietnam War
Organizer of Black economic cooperatives in Harlem; founder of SNCC
On the day of the March on Washington, she gave a tribute to Negro Women Fighters for Freedom
The Federal Court orders Hunter and Holmes to admitted to University of Georgia
Gov. of Arkansas, who in 1957, ordered the national guard to resist integration of Little Rock's Central high school
Group of four bugs said to have invaded the United States from England
Forces in the South were called this
She was a founding member of the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party; arrested more than 70 times
Opera singer who led the Negro National Anthem at the March
Date March On Washington takes place
Under his direction, the FBI waged counterintelligence programs against various civil rights groups
Group established in 1966 to focus on the rights of women
A series of attacks throughout South Vietnam
U.S. Justice Dept. Lawyer, who accompanied James Meredith when he enrolled in Ole Miss
President of Synagogue Council of America, Led the Prayer at March
Martin Luther King was stabbed in Harlem by a disgruntled woman
Gov of Alabama, stood in the doorway of the University of Alabama in an attempt to block Black students
Group of Drugs often used by sixties hippies
Leader of Vietnam who was supported by President Kennedy
Answer Key:
The Civil Rights Movement Matching Worksheet Key
J - Jesse Jackson K - Malcolm X S - CORE O - Governor George Wallace Q - SCLC G - Martin Luther King H - Rosa parks D - Klu Klux Klan I - Freedom Riders T - SNCC A - Stokely Carmichael E - W.E.B. DuBois U - Fannie Lou Hamer B - James Earl Ray C - sit-ins R - James Meredith L - Civil Rights Act 1964
Harvard graduate; founder of the Niagara Movement in 1905
Approximately the number of Marchers in attendance at the March On Washington
SCLC was founded
White supremacist organization with Jews, Catholics, immigrants, pacifists, and radicals on their enemies' list
District in San Francisco that became the hub of the drug culture in 1964
In March of 1968, America troops entered this South Vietnamese village and killed 175 civilians
Civil Rights Activists Answers
March on Washington Answers
Civil Rights Dates Answers
Opposition Leaders Answers
1960s Pop Culture Answers
Vietnam War Answers
Who was Ella Baker?
Who is Mrs Medgar Evers?
What is January 6th, 1961?
Who was Orval Faubus?
Who were the Beatles?
Who was the V Cong?
Whoi is Unita Blackwell?
Who is Marian Anderson?
What is August 28th, 1963?
Who was J. Edgar Hoover?
What is NOW?
What was the T Offensive?
Who was John Doar?
Who is Rabbi Uri Miller?
What is September 20th, 1958?
Who was George Wallace?
What are psychedelic?
Who was Ngo Dinh Diem?
Who was W.E.B. DuBois?
What is 200,000? What is January 10-11th, 1957?
What is the Ku Klux Klan?
What is Haight- Ashbury?
What was the M Lai massacre?
