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TFN Finals 2024 Questions With Complete Solutions A theory of psychological health predicted on fulfilling innate human needs in priority, culminating in self-actualization Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Who is the proponent of Hierarchy of Needs? Abraham Harold Maslow __________ is the model for understanding the motivations for human behavior. It maps diff. motivations onto a pyramid, with each level representing a diff. human need. Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs What are Maslow's 5 hierarchy of needs? physiological needs, safety and security, love and belonging, self- esteem and self- actualization Oxygen, Nutrition, Fluids, Body Temp, Elimination, Etc. Physiological Needs Physical Safety and Psychological Safety Safety and Security Friends and Family Love And Belonging Needs
Who is the proponent of Interpersonal Theory? Harry Stack Sullivan Interpersonal Theory Human personality is formed within a social context and is inseparable from the complex web of interpersonal relationships that individuals engage in throughout their lives. Sullivan believed that a person's personality can only be understood through the scientific study of these relationships. Who is the proponent of General Systems Theory? Ludwig Von Bertalanffy ______ describes "how to break whole things into parts and then to learn how the parts work together in systems". General system theory is known by different names - systems theory, theory of open systems, systems model, and family systems theory General Systems Theory Who is the proponent of Lewin's Change Theory? Kurt Lewins Unfreeze, Change, Refreeze Lewin's Change Theory
Selye's model suggests that all stimuli are "stressors" that produce a general response of "stress" in the affected person General Adaptation Syndrome Model The initial symptoms thebody experiences whenunder stress.Heart rate increases, your adrenal gland releases cortisol, and you receive a boost of adrenaline, which increases energy. Alarm Phase Body repairs itself until hormone levels, heart rate, and blood pressure reach a pre-stress state. One may feel irritable. frustrated, and have poor concentration. Resistance Phase The result of prolonged or chronic stress. One's body may no longer have the strength to fight stress. Exhaustion Phase _____ coined by Hans Selye in 1936, who defined it as "the non- specific response of the body to any demand for change" Stress Who is the proponent of ERIKSON'S PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT THEORY?
Erik H. Erikson _____ proposes that life is a sequence of developmental stages or levels of achievement ERIKSON'S PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT THEORY Erik H. Erikson's theory of psychosocial development outlines the eight stages of human development from infancy to old age. What are thos eight stages?
- INFANCY (BIRTH-1 YEAR OLD)
- EARLY CHILDHOOD (1-3 YEARS OLD)
- PRESCHOOL (3-6 YEARS OLD)
- SCHOOL AGE (6-11 YEARS OLD)
- ADOLESCENCE (PUBERTY)
- EARLY ADULTHOOD (YOUNG ADULT) MIDDLE ADULTHOOD (MIDDLE AGE)
- OLD AGE What is the psychosocial conflict in Infancy? TRUST VS MISTRUST What is the psychosocial conflict in Early Childhood? AUTONOMY VS SENSE OF SHAME AND DOUBT What is the psychosocial conflict in Preschool? INITIATIVE VS GUILT
- The Sensorimotor Stage
- Pre-operational Stage
- Concrete Operational Stage
- Formal Operational Stage Between birth and age two. Sensory experiences and manipulating objects. Kids interact with their environment; they continually make new discoveries about how the world works. Object permanence. SENSORIMOTOR STAGE Describes a child's ability to know that objects continue to exist even though they can no longer be seen or heard. OBJECT PERMANENCE Two to seven years old Egocentrism Language development is one of the hallmarks of this period. Playing and pretending or "play-pretend" Symbolic function. PREOPERATIONAL STAGE
Children develop mental representations of objects in the world around them. SYMBOLIC FUNCTION Ages 7 to 11 year's old Children become more adept at using logic. Egocentrism begins to disappear as kids become better at thinking about how other people might view a situation. Begin to understand that their thoughts are unique to them and that not everyone else necessarily shares their thoughts, feelings, and opinions. Reversibility and Conservation CONCRETE OPERATIONAL STAGE Understanding of reversibility or awareness that actions can be reversed. REVERSIBILITY Understanding that when something changes in shape or appearance it is still the same.
information or new experiences. ACCOMMODATION The process of achieving a balance between assimilation and accommodation, leading to cognitive stability. EQUILIBRATION Who is the proponent of Kohlberg's Moral Development Theory? Lawrence Kohlberg Continues, 3 levels 6 Stages, Based on Reasoning Moral Development What are the 3 levels of Moral Development? preconventional, conventional, postconventional
- Until age 9
- expectations and consequences of breaking rules
- own interests are the basis for moral decisions Level 1 Preconventional (Stage 1: Obedience & Punishment and Stage 2: Individualism & Exchange)
- early adolescence to adulthood
- accepting social rules about morality
- learned moral standards Level 2 Conventional ( Stage 3: Developing Good Interpersonal Relationship and Stage 4: Maintaining Social Order)
- some adults: rare
- abstract principle of morality
- consider the rights and needs of others Level 3 Postconventional (Stage 5: Social Contract & Individual Rights and Stage 6: Universal Principles) Who is the proponent of the Environmental Theory? FLorence Nightingale
- It involves the nurse's initiative to configure environmental settings appropriate for the gradual restoration of the patient's health
- She viewed the manipulation of the physical environment as a major component of nursing care. Environmental Theory anything can be manipulated to place a patient in the best possible condition for nature to act Environment ventilation, warmth, light, nutrition, medicine, stimulation, room temp. and activity
Essential for survival Personal meanings cause hindrances Approach with compassion and respect HUMAN NEED FOR ELIMINATION Essential for survival Breathing Provide a supportive and caring environment HUMAN NEED FOR VENTILATION ACTIVITY - physical fitness INACTIVITY - rest Well-being of a person Preferences Create a supportive environment HUMAN NEED FOR ACTIVITY- INACTIVITY Adapt to one's uniqueness Approach with compassion, understanding, and respect Consider emotional and relational dimensions
HUMAN NEED FOR SEXUALITY,
CREATIVITY, INTIMACY, LOVING
Different definition of success affects how a person views life Help them in realizing their potential Recognize, encourage, and consider HUMAN NEED FOR ACHIEVEMENT, EXPRESSIVITY, WORK, CONTRIBUTING BEYOND SELF Human needs humans Create a supportive environment Recognizing different backgrounds Promote social interactions HUMAN NEED FOR AFFILATION: BELONGING, FAMILY, SOCIAL RELATIONS, CULTURE Strive to reach one's full potential Create a safe space Inner growth Promote respect
in interaction with the environment delineates the domain of nursing concerns." Neuman Systems Model Who is the proponent of Adaptation Model? Sister Callista Roy _____ sees the individual as a set of interrelated systems that strive to maintain a balance between various stimuli. Adaptation Model What are the Major Concepts of Adaptation Model? Person Environment Focal Stimuli Contextual Stimuli Residual Stimuli Health Adaptation Nursing Who is the proponent of Behavioral System Theory? Dorothy E. Johnson What are the major concepts of Behavioral System Theory?
Behavoir System Behavioral System Equilibrium Stressor Tension Subsystem Stability Who is the proponent of 21 Nursing Problems Theory? Faye Glenn Abdellah _______ has interrelated the concepts of health, nursing problems, and problem-solving 21 Nursing Problems Theory Categories of Patient Needs Basic Needs Sustenal Needs Remedial Needs Restorative Needs ____ as an apparent condition Overt _____ as a hidden or concealed one Covert
- Communicate with others in expressing emotions, needs, fears, or opinions.
- Worship according to one's faith
- Work in such a way that there is a sense of accomplishment
- Play or participate in various forms of recreation
- Learn, discover, or satisfy the curiosity that leads to normal development and health and use the available health facilities. Refer to the fundamental bodily requirements for maintaining life and physical well-being. These needs are essential for sustaining the basic functions of the human body. Physiological Components Who is the proponent of Health Promotion Model? Nola Pender ______ defines health as "a positive dynamic state not merely the absence of disease." It helps understand determinants of health and help nurses to positively impact patients to health promoting behaviors. health promotion model ______ is the desired outcome in the Health Promotion Model. Health-promoting behavior
What are the major concepts of Health Promotion Model?
- Individual Characteristics and Experiences
- Behaviour-specific Cognitions
- Behavioural Outcomes Explores the concept that each individual has his or her own set of characteristics and experiences, which in turn help shape their actions. Individual Characteristics and Experiences Have a direct impact on the individual's motivation for change. Behaviour-specific Cognitions The start of the outcome begins with the person committing to taking the steps necessary to make a change. Behavioural Outcomes Who is the proponent of Theory of Health as Expanding Consciousness? Margaret Newman
- Developed in the 1970s
- Everyone may reach a condition of health that includes the experience of engaging with and connecting with
