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Testout Linux Pro Exam Study Guide Latest Updated 2025/2026. Fully Certified by Expert Guide.
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Which X11 Window System element is the MAIN system component? - ansX11 server Which component of the X11 Window System controls the placement and appearance of windows on a Linux computer? - ansWindows Manager You have just installed a new Linux system, which is using the Wayland system. Which of the following is a VALID statement regarding this system? - ansEvents captured from the keyboard are sent to the Wayland compositor and then the Wayland client, where the rendering takes place. Which of the following BEST describes the role of the Linux desktop? - ansThe Linux desktop adds a series of tools and utilities to make the GUI useful. Which of the following are examples of a Linux display server? - ansX11 & Wayland compositor Which of the following desktops was derived from GNOME 3, follows traditional desktop metaphor conventions, and is the primary desktop environment for the Mint distribution? - ansCinnamon Which of the following desktops is the default for many Linux distributions, such as Fedora and Ubuntu? - ansGNOME Which of the following are popular Linux desktops? - ansKDE, Cinnamon, Mate, GNOME, & Unity Which of the following desktops emulates a Windows desktop, especially in the location of the menu options and bottom panel bar? - ansKDE Which of the following desktops were started by an Arch Linux user in response to the negative reception of GNOME 3 and continue to follow the GNOME 2 code base? - ansMATE Which of the following desktops was the default for Ubuntu until 2017? - ansUnity Which remote desktop technology offers access from most common platforms such as Linux, Windows, Mac, iOS, Android, and Rasberry? - ansNX Which of the following provides a complete open-source solution for remote access to virtual machines? - ansSPICE Linux provides technology that allows the user to remotely view a graphical user interface and control mouse and keyboard events. Which of the following technologies establishes a connection with a remote computer using a viewer on one end and a server on the remote end? - ansVNC Your company has implemented both Linux and Window servers. The system administrators use Windows desktops, so they have access to Windows administration tools. The routinely access the Windows servers using Windows Remote Desktop. Which of the following implementations would allows the system administrators to connect to the Linux systems using Windows Remote Desktop? - ansXRDP Which of the following is a free, open-source scriptable screen reader that works with the GNOME desktop? - ansOrca Which of the following users MOST benefit from the sticky keys accessibility option? - ansUsers who have difficulty pressing multiple keys at the same time.
You have a user who has difficulty typing. She is constantly pressing keys multiple times by accident. Which keyboard accessibility option should you enable? - ansBounce keys You have a user who has difficulty using the mouse. Which of the following keyboard accessibility options would BEST aid this user? - ansMouse keys Which of the following statements BEST describes the repeat key keyboard accessibility option? - ansRepeat keys affect how quickly the action associated with the key is repeatedly performed when the key is pressed and held down. Which accessibility option adjusts the background and text colors to improve readability? - ansHigh contrast You obtain your applications and updates in RPM format. Which of the following distributions is your system based on? - ansRed Hat What command will upgrade an RPM package only if an earlier version is already installed on the system? - ansrpm - F Before you install an RPM package, you want to verify the authenticity of the package and check the digital signature to ensure that it has not been altered. Which rpm option should you use? - ans--checksig Without installing an RPM package, you want to check for all of the package's uninstalled dependencies. Which of the following commands should you use? - ansrpm --test Which of the following utilities should you use if you need to extract a file from an RPM package file? - ansrpm2cpio Which of the following functions does the rpm - V command perform? - ansVerifies that an RPM package is free from errors. You are working with the RPM package acroread-8.1.3-51.6.i586.rpm. Match the naming convention term on the left with the associated file name segment on the right. - ansi586 ; Architecture type 8.1.3 ; Version number acroread ; Package name 51.6 ; Release number You need to determine which files are associated with the metacity RPM package. Which of the following commands should you use? - ansrpm - ql metacity You need to install the package apt-0.5.15cnc6-1.1.fc2.fr.i386.rpm Which of the following commands will perform the installation? (Select TWO). - ansrpm - ih apt-0.5.15cnc6-1.1.fc2.fr.i386.rpm & rpm - Uh apt-0.5.15cnc6-1.1.fc2.fr.i386.rpm You have previously installed the package mplayer and wish to remove it from your computer.
You used YUM to list the python packages that are available to install. You see that there is a package available that is called python. What YUM command do you use to install this python package? - ansyum install python You have installed a package called mathpac with yum. After a system upgrade, the package is not working correctly. Which of the following commands should you FIRST try to get the package to function? - ansyum update mathpac When managing YUM, what is the full path to the directory where you should place .repo files? - ans/etc/yum.repos.d/ What YUM command would you enter at the command prompt to download an RPM package without installing it to the system? - ansyumdownloader Which of the following yum options will display whether updates are available for RPM packages? - anslist updates What YUM command would you enter at the command prompt to determine which package contains the /usr/lib/libstlport_gcc.so file? - ansyum whatprovides /usr/lib/libstlport_gcc.so You have users who need to do some programming projects in the Python programming language. What yum command should you use to find out if there is a Python package available to install on the Linux server? - ansyum list python You have installed a package called mathpac with apt-get. After a system upgrade, the package is not working correctly. Which of the following commands is the MOST correct method to get the package to work? - ansapt-get upgrade mathpac You are working on a Debian distribution of Linux. You need to install a package, but you do not want to manually install all the dependencies for the package. Without using any command options, what command should you use? - ansapt-get You are working on a Debian distribution of Linux. You want to retrieve information about the Debian package database on the system. Without using any command options, what command will provide the information you need? - ansapt-cache Which of the following apt-cache options will show the missing dependencies in the package cache? - ansunment Which of the following functions does the - d option perform when using the apt-get command to install a package? - ansPackages are downloaded to the system, but not installed. Which of the following apt-get options will upgrade all installed packages to the latest versions using the information in /etc/apt/sources.list? - ansupgrade Which of the following Debian package management utilities provides the front end for APT? - ansaptitude Which of the following statements correctly describe the differences between the "apt-get remove" and "apt-get purge" commands? (Select TWO). - ansapt-get purge - removes the package and the configuration files. apt-get remove - removes a specified package, but leaves the configuration files.
Which of the following dpkg options will install a package recursively? - ans-R Which of the following functions does the dpkg --configure command perform? - ansReconfigures an unpacked package Which of the following actions does the dpkg - l (lowercase L) command perform? - ansAll packages with names that match a specified pattern are displayed What dpkg command would you enter at the command prompt to search for packages that have been partially installed on the system? - ansdpkg - C What dpkg command would you enter at the command prompt to list information about a currently installed Debian package? - ansdpkg - p Which dpkg option completely removes a package and its configurations files? - ans-P Which of the following commands will reconfigure an already installed package? - ansdpkg- reconfigure Which of the following situations is most likely to cause a dependency problem? - ansInstalling two different packages that both include /usr/lib/graphlib Which of the following directories typically hold the dynamic libraries on your system? (Select TWO). - ans/usr/lib/ /usr/local/lib/ Match the term on the left with its characteristic on the right. (Each term can be used more than once.) Dynamic Library Static Library - ans1) Has a .so or .so.version extension. Dynamic Library
You are an IT consultant for a small company. The company wants to increase the security of their small network. You want to move their passwords from the /etc/passwd file to the /etc/shadow file. Which of the following utilities will BEST accomplish this task? - anspwconv You are viewing the /etc/passwd file, and you notice the following entry: pclark:x:1001:1001:Petunia Clark:/home/pclark:/bin/bash Which statement BEST describes this entry? - ansThe pclark password is stored in the /etc/shadow file. You need to identify which user accounts on the Linux system have encrypted passwords. Which character in the password field of the /etc/shadow file indicates that an encrypted password is set for the user account? - ans$ The graphics driver was recently updated on a system. Now, the graphical user interface (GUI) is not displaying, preventing the user from logging in. You need to access the system locally. Which of the following commands will access the tty2 terminal? - ansCtrl+Alt+F A user is trying to access a system using SSH, but can't connect. The user has verified the correct hostname and IP address. Which of the following should the user check to troubleshoot the issue? (Choose TWO). - ansCheck whether the SSH daemon is running. Check the firewall to see if the default SSH port 22 is blocked. A user type has the following qualities: Created by default during the Linux installation Used by the system for specific roles Not used to log into the system Which of the following user types has these qualities? - ansSystem or service user A programmer named Brandon calls with an issue. He is currently using the C shell each time he logs in, but his manager has told him to start using the bash shell. Which command will change brandon's shell to the desired setting? - ansusermod - s /bin/bash brandon Which useradd option displays the default values specified in the /etc/default/useradd file. - ans-D Which of the following utilities would you typically use to lock a user account? (select two)
You suspect that the gshant user account is locked, Which command will show the status of the user account? (enter the command as if at the command prompt) - anspasswd - S gshant One of your users Karen Scott, has recently married and is now Karen Jones. She has requested that her username be changed from kscott to kjones, but no other values change. Which of the following commands will accomplish this?
Which of the following is the maximum number of primary partitions that can be created on a single hard disk drive? - ans Tom, a Linux administrator, has installed a new hard disk. He creates two primary partitions, sdb1 and sdb2, and one extended partition, sdb3. He formats sdb1 with ext3 and sdb2 as a swap area. When Tom attempts to format sdb3 as a swap area, he is unable. Which of the following explains why Tom can't format sdb3? - ansan extended partition can't be formatted. Which of the following commands partitions the second hard disk on a Linux system? - ansfdisk /dev/sdb Which of the following commands/command sequences can be used to view the partition information on the first hard disk? (Select TWO.) - ansfdisk - l fdisk /dev/sda, then press p Which of the following hexadecimal codes represents an extended partition? - ans0x Marco recently made some partition changes, and the kernel is not recognizing the partitions. Which of the following commands should Marco use to resolve the problem? - anspartprobe Type the full device file name for the second partition on the hard drive with the lowest ID number. - ans/dev/sda Type the full device file name for the first partition on the hard drive with the third lowest ID number. - ans/dev/sdc What is the file path and name of the directory that contains device files for hard drives, optical drives, and USB devices? - ans/dev You have installed a new blank hard drive on your Linux system. This is the second drive on the system so it is represented in the file system by the /dev/sdb file. You need to create GUID partitions on this drive. What command do you use to start up the GUID disk management utility to create partitions on the /dev/sdb drive? - ansgdisk /dev/sdb Which of the following is the maximum number of GUID partitions that can be created using the gdisk utility? - ans Gloria, a Linux administrator, used the gdisk utility to create eight partitions on a new hard drive. Which of the following BEST describes the partitions Gloria has created? - ansAll eight partitions are the same. They are simply partitions. There are no primary, extended, or logical partitions. What is the name of the primary partition management utility that will both create GUID partitions and create file systems on those partitions? - ansparted Which partition management utility can be used to define and change various different GUID partition configurations without committing the configuration to the disk until the w command is used? - ansgdisk Which of the following commands initializes a physical volume? - anspvcreate Which of the following commands creates a volume group named backup and initializes it by adding the third disk in a Linux system to the volume group? - ansvgcreate backup /dev/sdc You are using LVM on your Linux system to manage the existing volumes. After adding and initializing the fourth hard drive to the system and creating a physical volume, what
command should you use to add it to the backup volume group? - ansvgextend backup /dev/sdd You are using LVM on your Linux system to manage the existing volumes. What command do you enter to scan for logical volumes on the system? - anslvscan You are using LVM on your Linux system to manage hard disk partitions. What command do you enter to scan for physical volumes on the system? - anspvscan Which of the following commands creates a logical volume named video from the home volume group and configures it with 2 TB of disk space? - anslvcreate - L 2T - n video home Which of the following steps must be completed after creating a logical volumes so that the logical volume can be used to store files? - ansCreate file systems on the volumes and mount them. You have added a third hard disk to your Linux system. What command would you use to initialize a physical volume on this disk for later use by the Logical Volume Manager? - anspvcreate /dev/sdc Which of the following utilities is used to manage and monitor software RAID devices? - ansmdadm Which of the following is the MOST common Linux file system? - ansext The system requirements for a new Linux computer show that the system will primarily be used to store documents of small size. Which of the following file systems would be the MOST efficient at storing these documents on a Linux system? - ansext Which of the following Linux systems support journaling? - ansext Which of the following commands formats the second partition on the fourth disk drive with the ext3 file system? - ansmke2fs - j /dev/sdd You created a swap area on sda3, but it is not activated. What command will activate this swap partition? - ansswapon /dev/sda You have a Linux system with two activated swap partitions, sda3 and sdb2. Which of the following commands can you use to deactivate only the sda3 swap partition? - ansswapoff /dev/sda Which file system is a FAT32 file system for Linux? - ansVFAT You need to create an ext4 file system on the first partition on the second hard disk drive. What command should you enter at the command prompt? - ansmkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb A technician recently added a new disk drive to a system, and the drive is not available. Which of the following commands scans the host bus adapter (HBA) and detects the newly added drive? - ansecho "- - - : > /sys/class/scsi_host0/scan
A number of new file systems have been added to the server and you want them to be active now. You also do not want to bring the server down. Which command makes the changes active? - ansmount - a You want to mount a number of filesystems each time the system is brought up. Which configuration file should hold the configuration information for the filesystems to be mounted? - ans/etc/fstab Yesterday you created a new swap area for your system. Today, after rebooting the system, you find the swap area is not mounted. What should you do to ensure the swap area is mounted each time the system boots? - ansEdit /etc/fstab and add the swap partition. Which file shows the currently mounted volumes? - ans/etc/mtab You are requested to help a user who reports that he has no more local storage space. You got to his system and log in as the root user. Which of the following commands will display the available disk space on all partitions? (Select TWO). - ansdf - h df You have an xfs file system in your Linux system represented by /dev/sdb1. You need to copy all the filenames on the drive to the /reviewxfs file. You must be able to read the filenames in the /reviewxfs file. Which of the following commands should you use? - ansxfs_metadump - o /dev/sdb /reviewxfs What command would you enter at the command prompt to list all files and directories in the badams home directory along with a file size and total amount of space taken up by the directory? - ansdu - ac/home/badams Your ext3 file system has experienced a significant amount of corruption. To examine the file system, you want to use the debugfs utility. Which debugfs option should you use to examine the file system? - ans-c You are inspecting the superblocks and block information on your file system. You need dumpe2fs to display only the blocks that are reserved as bad in the file system. Which of the following options should you use? - ans-b You have created a separate partition for the sales team and mounted it to the /sales directory. The team is about to begin a new project, and they want to make sure there is enough disk space to hold upcoming files. Which of the following commands will show you the amount of free space? - ansdf /sales You are asked to help a user who is complaining that file system errors are being reported during boot-up. When you reboot the user's system, you see errors on sda2. Which of the following strategies will check the file system on sda2 and fix the errors? - ansChange to single user mode and run fsck /dev/sda2.
Which of the following commands allows you to use an alternative superblock when the primary superblock has been corrupted? - anse2fsck - b 16385 /dev/sda You need to convert the file system of /dev/sdb3 from ext2 to ext3 without affecting the data on the drive. What command and option should you enter at the command prompt? - anstune2fs - j /dev/sdb You suspect your /dev/sda3 partition is in need of repair. Which of the following e2fsck options will repair the errors without any interaction from you? - ans-p You have an xfs file system in your Linux computer. You need to display the XFS file system parameters, such as the block size and inode data structures. Which of the following commands should you use? - ansxfs_info xfs_growfs - n Which of the following describes the effects of the tune2fs - j /dev/sdb1 command? - ansConverts the /dev/sdb1 device to ext3. When creating an ext2 or ext3 file system, a fixed number of inodes is assigned. Which of the following commands shows the number of inodes, number of free inodes, and number of used inodes? - ansdf - i Anna is attempting to unmount the mount point /mnt/daata. The umount command failed and displayed error message stating that the device is busy. Anna suspects there may be an open file causing the issue. Which of the following commands will show Anna a list of open files?
After creating the aquota.user and aquota.group files in the /home directory, what command should you enter to enable quotas for the /home directory? - ansquotaon /home Which command should you enter at the command prompt to display the current user's quota limits and disk usage? - ansquota Which of the following repquota options will give quota limits and disk usage for all file systems listed in /etc/mtab? - ans-a You need to implement disk quotas on your Linux system. You need the quotas on the / directory. What is the full path and name of the file that must be edited to implement quotas for users and groups? - ans/etc/fstab Which of the following commands displays the disk usage and quota limits for the development group? - ansquota - g development What would you enter at the command prompt to change the group ownership for the devstyle.txt file to rand in the present working directory? - anschgrp rand devstyle.txt Which of the following commands make sales the group owner of the /sales/report file? (Select TWO. Each answer is an independent solution.) - anschown .sales /sales/report chown :sales /sales/report You need to see who has permissions to the sales_projection_q2 file. You use ls - l sales_projection_q2 and receive the following information: drwxr-xr-x 22 pclark acct 4096 Jun 19 15:01 sales_projection_q Which user owns this file? Which group owns this file? - ansWhich user owns this file? pclark Which group owns this file? acct You need to see who has permissions to the sales_projection_q2 file. You use ls - l sales_projection_q2 and receive the following information: drwxr-xr-x 22 pclark acct 4096 Jun 19 15:01 sales_projection_q Which of the following commands will change the user owner to jyoung and the group owner to sales? - anschown jyoung:sales /home/sales/sales_projection_q Roberto, a help desk technician, received a call from Sally. She was not able to change to a directory that she owns. The following is the output from the commands that Sally entered: ... ...
Based on the output, which of the following describes the problem? - ansSally does not have the eXecute permission as owner of the directory. You must change ownership of a script called myscript so that only the user owner has read/write access to it and only the user owner and group owner have execute permissions. Which of the following commands would accomplish this? - anschmod 750 myscript Which of the following sets of octal permissions would allow everyone to execute the following file as if they were the root user?
What should you do so that all users can run this program? - ansSet the SUID on the program. You are the team lead for a marketing project. Only the members of the team3 group should have read/write permissions to a document called project_data.doc, however, you want to ensure that no one on the team will delete the document by accident. Your user name is bsmith. A long listing of the file is as follows:
Full Image As a network administrator, you have had several users ask for a way in which they could connect their phones to their Linux computer, without the use of wires. Which of the following device types would BEST meet these user's needs? - ansBluetooth The hard disk in your Linux laptop has almost reached its maximum storage capacity. You would like to add more hard disk storage but there is no room internal to the computer. Which of the following device types is BEST to use if you want to achieve the fastest throughput? - ansUSB You have been currently using a cable to connect your Linux laptop to the company network. You are now, however, required to attend several meetings a week in other parts of the building and you would like to be able to bring your laptop with you, but still need access to the the network while in that meeting. Which of the following device types would BEST meet your needs? - ansWiFi You have installed a new Linux system and you want to make a baseline of system performance. Which of the following files contain baseline information? (Select TWO). - ans/cpuinfo /meminfo Which of the following commands will display which boot options were given to the kernel at boot time? - anscat /proc/cmdline Which of the following is the full path and filename of the file that contains information about which interrupt request (IRQ) channels are being used by each hardware device on the system? - ans/proc/interrupts You need to get detailed information about the system memory. Which of the following commands will display that information? - anscat /proc/meminfo Which of the following commands will display information about the PCI devices installed on the system? - anslspci Which command displays information on all USB devices connected to the computer? - anslsusb Which of the following commands will display information about the RAID devices on the computer? - anshwinfo --listmd What is the full path to the directory that contains information about the system state and process - ans/proc Match the correct /proc directory content on the left with the description on the right.