Download Test: Gene Expression and Regulation, part 1 | BIOL - Biology 1 - Introduction and more Quizzes Biology in PDF only on Docsity!
genes
A gene is the basic unit of heredity in a living organism. TERM 2
chromosomes
DEFINITION 2 A chromosome is an organized structure of DNA and protein that is found in cells. TERM 3
transformation
DEFINITION 3 In molecular biology, transformation is the genetic alteration of a cell resulting from the uptake, genomic incorporation, and expression of environmental genetic material (DNA). TERM 4
DNA
DEFINITION 4 Deoxyribonucleic acid () (DNA) is a nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms and some viruses. consists of four small subunits called nucleotides TERM 5
three parts of a nucleotide
DEFINITION 5 phosphate group, a sugar called deoxyribose, and one of the four possible nitrogen-containing bases
nitrogen-containing
bases
adenine (A) , guanine (G) , Thymine (T) , or cytosine (C) TERM 7
Chargaff's Rule
DEFINITION 7 Chargaff's rules state that DNA from any cell of all organisms should have a 1:1 ratio of pyrimidine and purine bases and, more specifically, that the amount of guanine is equal to cytosine and the amount of adenine is equal to thymine. TERM 8
DNA replication
DEFINITION 8 DNA replication, the basis for biological inheritance, is a fundamental process occurring in all living organisms to copy their DNA. TERM 9
DNA helicases
DEFINITION 9 Helicases are a class of enzymes vital to all living organisms. TERM 10
DNA polymerases
DEFINITION 10 A DNA polymerase is an enzyme that catalyzes the polymerization of deoxyribonucleotides into a DNA strand.
insertion mutation
In genetics, an insertion (also called an insertion mutation) is the addition of one or more nucleotide base pairs into a DNA sequence. TERM 17
deletion mutation
DEFINITION 17 In genetics, a deletion (also called gene deletion, deficiency, or deletion mutation) is a mutation (a genetic aberration) in which a part of a chromosome or a sequence of DNA is missing. TERM 18
inversion
DEFINITION 18 occurs when a piece of DNA is cut out of a chromosome, turned around, and reinserted into the gap TERM 19
translocation
DEFINITION 19 results when a chunk of DNA, often very large, is removed from one chromosome and attached to another one.
