Download Principles of Human Physiology Test Bank: Over 100 Verified Questions and Answers and more Quizzes Physiology in PDF only on Docsity!
TEST BANK PRINCIPLES OF HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY WITH
OVER 100 VERIFIED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS |LATEST
UPDATE
"1) The parietal pleura covers the surface of the lungs. True or False - CORRECT ANSWER=> FALSE"
"2) Internal respiration occurs in the respiratory zone. True or False - CORRECT ANSWER=> FALSE"
"3) Type I alveolar cells secrete pulmonary surfactant. True or False - CORRECT ANSWER=> FALSE"
"4) The "Adam's apple" is formed by the largest cartilage of the larynx. True or False - CORRECT
ANSWER=> TRUE"
"5) During inspiration, ________. A) alveolar pressure exceeds atmospheric pressure B) transpulmonary pressure increases C) the diaphragm relaxes
D) intrapulmonary pressure is less than atmospheric pressure - CORRECT ANSWER=> D"
"6) You open a can of carbonated soda and pour it into a glass. The carbon dioxide formed bubbles because the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the air above the soda ________, a process explained by ________ Law. A) decreased; Dalton's B) increased; Charles' C) decreased; Henry's
D) increased Boyle's - CORRECT ANSWER=> C"
"7) Assuming you have normal respiratory function at sea level, start holding your breath. Which of the following could be true in 60 seconds? A) Venous PO2 = 50 mmHg B) The oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve is shifting to the left C) Arterial PCO2 = 50 mmHg
D) Alveolar PO2 = 105 mmHg - CORRECT ANSWER=> C"
"8) Pleural membranes envelop organs within the thoracic cavity. True or False - CORRECT ANSWER=>
TRUE"
"9) The ________ separates the abdominal and thoracic cavities. A) lungs B) liver
C) rib cage
D) diaphragm - CORRECT ANSWER=> D"
- The events listed below are all components of respiration EXCEPT ________. A) gas exchange B) oxygen utilization C) speech
D) ventilation - CORRECT ANSWER=> C"
"11) Intrapulmonary pressure increases as the diaphragm contracts. True or False - CORRECT
ANSWER=> FALSE"
"12) Intrapleural pressure ________ during expiration. A) increases B) decreases
C) remains unchanged - CORRECT ANSWER=> A"
"13) Rebecca's inspiratory reserve volume = 5, vital capacity = 8, residual volume = 1, and expiratory reserve volume = 2. Her tidal volume would be equal to ________ and her total lung capacity would be ________. A) 2; 10 B) 3; 7 C) 1; 9 D) 1; 13
E) Unable to determine with the given data. - CORRECT ANSWER=> C"
"14) An individual presents to the ER with a pneumothorax. The patient is unable to inflate the affected
lung because the transpulmonary pressure has decreased. - CORRECT ANSWER=> TRUE"
"15) What law states that the pressure of a given quantity of gas is inversely proportional to its volume? A) Boyle's Law B) Charles' Law C) Dalton's Law
D) Henry's Law - CORRECT ANSWER=> A"
"16) A measure of the distensibility of the lungs is ________. A) compliance B) elasticity C) surface tension
D) None of the choices are correct. - CORRECT ANSWER=> A"
"17) The tendency of the lungs to return to their initial size after stretching is ________. A) compliance
A) Boyle's law B) Dalton's law C) Laplace's law
D) Henry's law - CORRECT ANSWER=> C"
"25) Which muscles contraction will stimulate inspiration? A) Diaphragm B) External intercostals C) Parasternal intercostals
D) All of the choices are correct. - CORRECT ANSWER=> D"
"26) Quiet expiration is caused by ________. A) contraction of the external intercostals B) contraction of the internal intercostals C) lung recoil and increased intrapulmonary pressure
D) contraction of the scalenes - CORRECT ANSWER=> C"
"27) Forced (deep) inspiration occurs with the contraction of the ________. A) rectus abdominis B) scalenes C) internal intercostals
D) parasternal intercostals - CORRECT ANSWER=> B"
"28) Quiet inspiration will ________ thoracic and lung volume and ________ intrapulmonary pressure. A) increase; increase B) increase; decrease C) decrease; increase
D) decrease; decrease - CORRECT ANSWER=> B"
"29) A patient experiences difficulty exhaling after taking a normal, full breath during a test of pulmonary function. The patient likely has a restrictive lung disorder, characterized by pulmonary fibrosis. This
decreases the elastic recoil of the lungs. True or False - CORRECT ANSWER=> FALSE"
"30) The maximum amount of gas that can be inspired after a normal tidal expiration is the inspiratory
capacity. True or False - CORRECT ANSWER=> TRUE"
"31) Vital capacity is reduced in pulmonary restrictive disorders, but normal in obstructive disorders.
True or False - CORRECT ANSWER=> TRUE"
"32) Identify the true statement regarding gas concentrations in the pulmonary system. A) Blood in the pulmonary veins is low in oxygen. B) Blood in the pulmonary veins is high in carbon dioxide. C) The oxygen concentration of inspired air is higher than that of alveolar air.
D) All of the choices are correct. - CORRECT ANSWER=> C"
"33) Cessation of breathing is known as ________. A) apnea B) dyspnea C) eupnea
D) pneumothorax - CORRECT ANSWER=> A"
"34) The volume of gas inspired or expired in a quiet respiration cycle is the ________. A) tidal volume B) vital capacity C) inspiratory reserve volume
D) residual volume - CORRECT ANSWER=> A"
"35) The volume of gas remaining in the lungs after a maximum expiration is the ________. A) tidal volume B) vital capacity C) inspiratory reserve volume
D) residual volume - CORRECT ANSWER=> D"
"36) The total amount of gas in the lungs after a maximum inspiration is the ________. A) vital capacity B) total lung capacity C) tidal volume
D) functional residual capacity - CORRECT ANSWER=> B"
"37) Why would an individual with atopic allergic asthma experience difficulty breathing? A) Mast cells, which stimulate vasodilation of the airways, are less active in persons with allergies. B) IgE antibodies bind to the inhaled antigens, causing an inflammatory reaction that decreases gas exchange. C) Leukotrienes cause constriction of the bronchioles, producing airway obstruction.
D) All of the choices are correct. - CORRECT ANSWER=> C"
"38) Since norepinephrine stimulates bronchodilation, sympathetic agonists could be utilized to treat
asthma. True or False - CORRECT ANSWER=> TRUE"
"39) Which of the following may result from emphysema? A) Reduced gas exchange surface area B) Air trapping C) Cor pulmonale
D) All of the choices are correct. - CORRECT ANSWER=> D"
"40) Pulmonary fibrosis may be caused by ________. A) smoking
D) Laplace's law - CORRECT ANSWER=> C"
"49) Breathing 100% oxygen will ________. A) significantly increase the oxygen delivery to tissues B) increase the amount of oxygen in red blood cells C) significantly increase the total oxygen content of whole blood
D) not change the amount of oxygen dissolved in the plasma - CORRECT ANSWER=> A"
"50) Breathing 100% oxygen will NOT ________. A) significantly increase the oxygen delivery to tissues B) increase the amount of oxygen in red blood cells C) significantly increase the total oxygen content of whole blood D) Both increase the amount of oxygen in red blood cells and significantly increase the total oxygen
content of whole blood. - CORRECT ANSWER=> D"
"51) Measurements of arterial PCO2 are used to assess lung function. True or False - CORRECT
ANSWER=> TRUE"
"52) Normal arterial PO2 is ________. A) 40 mm Hg B) 46 mm Hg C) 85 mm Hg
D) 100 mm Hg - CORRECT ANSWER=> D"
"53) Normal alveolar PO2 is ________. A) 40 mm Hg B) 46 mm Hg C) 100 mm Hg
D) 105 mm Hg - CORRECT ANSWER=> D"
"54) Normal venous PCO2 is ________. A) 40 mm Hg B) 46 mm Hg C) 100 mm Hg
D) 105 mm Hg - CORRECT ANSWER=> B"
"55) Normal alveolar PCO2 is ________. A) 40 mm Hg B) 46 mm Hg C) 100 mm Hg
D) 105 mm Hg - CORRECT ANSWER=> A"
"56) Normal venous PO2 is ________.
A) 40 mm Hg B) 46 mm Hg C) 85 mm Hg
D) 100 mm Hg - CORRECT ANSWER=> A"
"57) The foramen ovale ________. A) closes after birth due to decreased pulmonary vascular resistance B) normally shunts blood between the pulmonary artery and aorta C) normally shunts blood between the right and left ventricles
D) has no importance in fetal respiratory physiology - CORRECT ANSWER=> A"
"58) The ventilation/perfusion ratio ________. A) is lowest at the apex of the lungs B) increases when blood flow is decreased C) decreases when ventilation is increased
D) increases due to dilation of the pulmonary arterioles - CORRECT ANSWER=> B"
"59) Blood flow is greatest at the ________ of the lungs and perfusion is greatest at the ________ of the lungs. A) apex; apex B) apex; base C) base; base
D) base; apex - CORRECT ANSWER=> C"
"60) The ventilation/perfusion ratio is ________ at the apex of the lungs. A) highest B) lowest
C) the same as the base - CORRECT ANSWER=> A"
"61) Pulmonary circulation is a ________ resistance and ________ pressure pathway. A) low; high B) low; low C) high; low
D) high; high - CORRECT ANSWER=> B"
"62) Pulmonary arterioles ________ and system arterioles ________ when PO2 is low. A) dilate; dilate B) dilate; constrict C) constrict; dilate
D) constrict; constrict - CORRECT ANSWER=> C"
"63) When alveolar ventilation increases, the perfusion of pulmonary arterioles will ________. A) increase B) decrease
"73) Central chemoreceptors in the medulla oblongata directly detect changes in the pH of the ________. A) blood B) cerebrospinal fluid C) lymph
D) air - CORRECT ANSWER=> B"
"74) The primary drive to breathe is elicited by which of the following? A) reduced PO B) reduced PCO C) increased PO
D) increased PCO2 - CORRECT ANSWER=> D"
"75) What is the condition of having low blood oxygen levels? A) Hypocapnia B) Hypercapnia C) Hypoxia
D) Hypoxemia - CORRECT ANSWER=> D"
"76) The rhythmicity center is located in the ________. A) pons B) cerebral cortex C) medulla oblongata
D) midbrain - CORRECT ANSWER=> C"
"77) The dorsal respiratory group in the medulla oblongata is involved with ________. A) inspiration B) expiration C) breathing rhythm
D) Both inspiration and expiration are correct. - CORRECT ANSWER=> A"
"78) The I neurons of the dorsal respiratory group stimulate the ________. A) sympathetic nervous system B) phrenic nerve C) vagus nerve
D) parasympathetic nervous system - CORRECT ANSWER=> B"
"79) Hyperventilation is stimulated by ________. A) increased activity of the apneustic center B) decreased contraction of the scalenes C) hypercapnia
D) hypoxemia - CORRECT ANSWER=> C"
"80) What type of receptors in the wall of the larynx and lungs, cause a person to cough in response to components of smoke and smog? A) Aortic bodies B) Pulmonary stretch receptors C) Medullary chemoreceptors
D) Irritant receptors - CORRECT ANSWER=> D"
"81) Limits on stretching the lungs are due to the ________. A) Haldane effect B) law of Laplace C) Hering-Breuer reflex
D) None of the choices are correct. - CORRECT ANSWER=> C"
"82) Which of the following conditions is characterized by high red blood cell counts? A) Anemia B) Polycythemia C) Uremia
D) Leukemia - CORRECT ANSWER=> B"
"83) Renal production of ________ is stimulated by hypoxemia. A) renin B) colony-stimulating factor C) erythropoietin
D) thrombopoietin - CORRECT ANSWER=> C"
"84) If PO2 and hemoglobin content of blood is normal, how much oxygen is the blood carrying? A) 0.3 mL O2/ 100 mL blood B) 10 mL O2/ 100 mL blood C) 20 mL O2/ 100 mL blood
D) 35 mL O2/ 100 mL blood - CORRECT ANSWER=> C"
"85) The form of hemoglobin with iron in an oxidized state is ________. A) oxyhemoglobin B) deoxyhemoglobin C) methemoglobin
D) carboxyhemoglobin - CORRECT ANSWER=> C"
"86) The form of hemoglobin with iron in a reduced state and bonded to oxygen is ________. A) oxyhemoglobin B) deoxyhemoglobin C) methemoglobin
D) carboxyhemoglobin - CORRECT ANSWER=> A"
"87) The form of hemoglobin with iron in a reduced state and not bonded to oxygen is ________.
D) 22% - CORRECT ANSWER=> D"
"96) According to the Bohr effect, as pH is lowered, the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen ________. A) increases B) decreases
C) remains unchanged - CORRECT ANSWER=> B"
"97) Tissues receive more O2 when the pH is lowered. True or False - CORRECT ANSWER=> TRUE"
"98) When tissues are producing more CO2 through increased metabolic activity, less O2 is provided to
those tissues. True or False - CORRECT ANSWER=> FALSE"
"99) A decrease in temperature ________. A) will shift the oxygen dissociation curve to the right B) will shift the oxygen dissociation curve to the left
C) will not shift the oxygen dissociation curve - CORRECT ANSWER=> B"
"100) An increase in 2,3-diphosphoglyceric acid (2,3-DPG) will ________ the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen. A) increase B) decrease
C) have no effect on - CORRECT ANSWER=> B"
"101) Hemoglobin F ________. A) has a lower affinity for oxygen than hemoglobin A B) contains two alpha and two gamma chains C) binds large amounts of 2,3-DPG
D) is increased in sickle-cell anemia - CORRECT ANSWER=> B"
"102) 2,3-DPG comes from ________. A) aerobic respiration in red blood cells B) anaerobic respiration in red blood cells C) type II alveolar cells
D) tissues with high amounts of oxygen - CORRECT ANSWER=> B"
"103) In anemia, 2,3-DPG is ________ and oxygen affinity is ________. A) decreased; decreased B) decreased; increased C) increased; increased
D) increased; decreased - CORRECT ANSWER=> D"
"104) Which of the following will decrease the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen? A) Decreased pH, decreased temperature, or decreased 2,3-DPG
B) Decreased pH, increased temperature, or increased 2,3-DPG C) Increased pH, increased temperature, or decreased 2,3-DPG
D) Increased pH, decreased temperature, or increased 2,3-DPG - CORRECT ANSWER=> B"
"105) A family of hemoglobin diseases found primarily in people of Mediterranean ancestry is ________. A) thalassemia B) sickle-cell anemia C) myoglobinemia
D) leukemia - CORRECT ANSWER=> A"
"106) What disease is characterized by the abnormal hemoglobin S? A) Sickle cell anemia B) Thalassemia C) Cystic fibrosis
D) Emphysema - CORRECT ANSWER=> A"
"107) Myoglobin binds to more oxygen molecules than hemoglobin. True or False - CORRECT
ANSWER=> FALSE"
"108) The highest oxygen affinity is demonstrated by ________. A) hemoglobin A B) hemoglobin F C) myoglobin
D) hemoglobin S - CORRECT ANSWER=> C"
"109) Imagine that erythrocytes were no longer able to utilize the enzyme carbonic anhydrase. Given its
action, a decrease in the pH of arterial blood would be expected. True or False - CORRECT ANSWER=>
FALSE"
"110) The exchange of chloride ions for bicarbonate through tissue capillaries is called the ________. A) chloride shift B) Bohr effect C) oxygen toxicity
D) acidosis - CORRECT ANSWER=> A"
"111) The majority of carbon dioxide is transported in the blood as ________. A) dissolved carbon dioxide in the blood B) bicarbonate ion C) carbaminohemoglobin
D) carboxyhemoglobin - CORRECT ANSWER=> B"
"112) The enzyme ________ catalyzes the formation of H2CO3 from CO2 and water. A) renin
A) acidosis B) alkalosis C) normal
D) metabolic - CORRECT ANSWER=> B"
"121) Which of the following changes would occur during exercise? A) Increased blood gases B) Decreased ventilation C) Decreased oxygen delivery to muscles
D) Increased oxygen extraction by muscles - CORRECT ANSWER=> D"
"122) The immediate increase in ventilation as exercise begins can be explained through both
neurogenic and humoral responses. True or False - CORRECT ANSWER=> TRUE"
"123) Many athletes train at higher altitudes immediately prior to an athletic competition. Select the scenario that correctly identifies how acclimatization to a higher elevation would improve endurance performance. A) A hypoxic ventilatory response occurs that remains in place for a few weeks after returning to a lower altitude. B) Hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen will increase; therefore, tissues will receive more oxygen during exercise. C) Increased ventilation at the higher altitudes will improve tidal volume when returning to the lower altitude. D) Erythropoietin release will increase; consequently, the athlete will have a greater aerobic capacity
when returning to the lower altitude. - CORRECT ANSWER=> D"
"124) Acclimatization to altitude ________. A) stimulates increased blood cell synthesis B) decreases ventilation C) increases the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen
D) All of the choices are correct. - CORRECT ANSWER=> A"
"125) If a disease occurred that increased hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen, tissues would receive
inadequate oxygen. True or false - CORRECT ANSWER=> FALSE"
"126) During muscular contractions associated with inhalation, what would happen if intrapleural pressure were to be less than intrapulmonary pressure? A) Lung volume would remain unchanged B) Thoracic volume increase with lung collapse C) Thoracic volume increase with lung inflation
D) Thoracic volume decrease with lung collapse - CORRECT ANSWER=> C"
"127) Evaluate the pulmonary pressures provided, and determine what portion of the respiratory cycle is represented.
Transpulmonary pressure = 6 mmHg Intrapleural pressure = 667 mmHg Atmospheric pressure = 670 mmHg Intrapulmonary pressure = 673 mmHg A) Lung volume is unchanged B) Normal inspiration C) Normal expiration
D) Thoracic volume increase with lung collapse - CORRECT ANSWER=> C"
"128) Given the pressures listed, identify the respiratory event being measured. Transpulmonary pressure = 15 mmHg Intrapleural pressure = 765 mmHg Atmospheric pressure = 755 mmHg Intrapulmonary pressure = 750 mmHg A) Tidal inspiration B) Forced inspiration C) Forced expiration
D) Tidal expiration - CORRECT ANSWER=> C"
"129) In assessing a mechanical prototype to demonstrate lung function, it is suggested that the final version of synthetic lung material will need to be easier to inflate and easier to deflate in order to be cost effective. Which will need to be true? A) More compliant and less elastic B) Less compliant and less elastic C) More compliant and more elastic
D) Less compliant and more elastic - CORRECT ANSWER=> C"
"130) Due to acute trauma and resulting damage of the diaphragm, the ________ will need to become more active in order to aid someone during ________. A) sternocleidomastoid and parasternal muscles; expiration B) external intercostals; expiration C) scalenes and pectoralis minor; inspiration
D) rectus abdominis; inspiration - CORRECT ANSWER=> C"
"131) The conducting zone contains all of the following EXCEPT the ________. A) primary bronchi B) larynx C) terminal bronchioles
D) respiratory bronchioles - CORRECT ANSWER=> D"
