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Test Bank - Human Anatomy & Physiology, 2nd
Edition (Amerman, 2019), Chapter 1-27 | All
Chapters.
1. Which of the following is the smallest structural level in the body? A. Tissue B. Organ C. Chemical D. Cellular
The chemical level includes atoms and molecules, the building blocks of
matter, making it the smallest level of organization.
2. Which organ system is responsible for producing movement and generating heat? A. Integumentary B. Endocrine C. Muscular D. Lymphatic
The muscular system allows for body movement and generates heat as
a byproduct of muscle activity.
3. Which directional term means "closer to the point of origin"? A. Distal
B. Proximal C. Superficial D. Deep
Proximal indicates a position closer to the point of attachment or origin,
commonly used with limbs.
4. The heart is located in which cavity? A. Abdominal B. Cranial C. Pleural D. Pericardial
The pericardial cavity, a subdivision of the thoracic cavity, houses the
heart.
5. Which feedback mechanism enhances the original stimulus? A. Negative feedback B. Equilibrium feedback C. Homeostatic feedback D. Positive feedback
Positive feedback amplifies the initial change, such as in childbirth or
blood clotting.
6. Which type of epithelial tissue lines the air sacs of the lungs? A. Stratified squamous B. Simple squamous C. Transitional D. Simple cuboidal
Melanin absorbs UV radiation, protecting underlying tissues from
damage.
10. What type of gland secretes products by exocytosis without damaging the cell? A. Holocrine B. Apocrine C. Merocrine D. Sebaceous
Merocrine glands release their products via exocytosis without harming
the cell.
11. Which bone cell breaks down bone tissue? A. Osteoblast B. Osteoclast C. Osteocyte D. Chondrocyte
Osteoclasts resorb bone during bone remodeling or calcium regulation.
12. What type of bone is the sternum classified as? A. Irregular B. Flat C. Short D. Long
The sternum is a flat bone, providing protection and attachment for
muscles.
13. What structure in a long bone contains yellow marrow? A. Epiphyseal plate B. Medullary cavity C. Periosteum D. Endosteum
The medullary cavity stores fat in the form of yellow marrow in adults.
14. The axial skeleton includes all of the following EXCEPT: A. Skull B. Vertebrae C. Scapula D. Sternum
The scapula is part of the appendicular skeleton, not the axial skeleton.
15. What type of joint allows for the most movement? A. Suture B. Syndesmosis C. Synovial D. Symphysis
Synovial joints are freely movable and include most joints of the limbs.
16. The sarcomere is part of which muscle type? A. Smooth B. Cardiac
20. The functional unit of the nervous system is the: A. Dendrite B. Axon C. Neuron D. Neuroglia
Neurons are specialized for receiving and transmitting signals.
21. Which part of the brain regulates vital functions like heart rate and breathing? A. Cerebrum B. Cerebellum C. Medulla oblongata D. Thalamus
The medulla oblongata controls autonomic functions such as respiration
and heartbeat.
22. The myelin sheath increases: A. Neurotransmitter production B. Speed of impulse conduction C. Brain mass D. Axon branching
Myelin insulates axons and allows for faster transmission of nerve
impulses.
23. Which division of the nervous system controls skeletal muscles? A. Autonomic B. Somatic C. Sympathetic D. Parasympathetic
The somatic nervous system is responsible for voluntary control of
skeletal muscles.
24. What structure connects the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland? A. Corpus callosum B. Infundibulum C. Thalamus D. Pineal gland
The infundibulum is a stalk that physically connects the hypothalamus
to the pituitary gland.
25. The hormone insulin is secreted by the: A. Pancreas B. Adrenal gland C. Pituitary gland D. Thyroid gland
Insulin is produced by beta cells of the pancreas and lowers blood
glucose levels.
26. Which hormone increases blood calcium levels? A. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) B. Calcitonin
The right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs via the
pulmonary arteries.
30. What is the function of the epiglottis? A. Aids in phonation B. Prevents food from entering the airway C. Produces mucus D. Moves vocal cords
The epiglottis covers the trachea during swallowing to prevent
aspiration.
31. The majority of nutrient absorption occurs in the: A. Stomach B. Small intestine C. Large intestine D. Esophagus
The small intestine has villi and microvilli that maximize surface area for
absorption.
32. Bile is produced in the: A. Gallbladder B. Liver C. Pancreas D. Stomach
Bile is synthesized in the liver and stored in the gallbladder.
33. Which structure stores and concentrates bile? A. Pancreas B. Gallbladder C. Duodenum D. Spleen
The gallbladder stores bile and releases it into the small intestine when
needed.
34. Which organ filters blood to form urine? A. Liver B. Kidney C. Spleen D. Pancreas
Kidneys regulate fluid balance and excrete waste by forming urine.
35. The functional unit of the kidney is the: A. Ureter B. Renal pelvis C. Nephron D. Glomerulus
The nephron performs filtration, reabsorption, and secretion to produce
urine.
36. Sperm production occurs in the: A. Seminiferous tubules B. Epididymis C. Vas deferens
B. Progesterone C. Luteinizing hormone (LH) D. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
LH surge triggers ovulation of a mature egg from the ovary.
41. What is the pH of blood under normal conditions? A. 6. B. 7. C. 7.35–7. D. 7.
Blood is slightly alkaline to support enzyme function and metabolic
activities.
42. Which vitamin is essential for blood clotting? A. Vitamin C B. Vitamin D C. Vitamin K D. Vitamin B
Vitamin K is necessary for synthesizing clotting factors in the liver.
43. Which leukocytes are most abundant? A. Lymphocytes B. Neutrophils C. Monocytes D. Eosinophils
Neutrophils make up 60–70% of WBCs and are first responders to
infection.
44. What is the role of surfactant in the lungs? A. Cilia movement B. Reduces surface tension C. Gas exchange D. Oxygen binding
Surfactant prevents alveolar collapse by reducing surface tension.
45. The diaphragm is a muscle used in: A. Inspiration B. Digestion C. Swallowing D. Defecation
Contraction of the diaphragm increases thoracic volume, drawing air
into the lungs.
46. Which lymphoid organ filters blood? A. Thymus B. Lymph node C. Spleen D. Appendix
The spleen filters blood, recycles old RBCs, and helps fight infections.
47. What antibody is secreted in breast milk? A. IgG
51. What type of muscle tissue is involuntary and lacks striations? A. Skeletal B. Cardiac C. Smooth D. Voluntary
Smooth muscle is involuntary, non-striated, and found in internal
organs like the stomach and blood vessels.
52. Which cranial nerve is responsible for vision? A. Optic (II) B. Olfactory (I) C. Trochlear (IV) D. Vagus (X)
The optic nerve (cranial nerve II) carries visual information from the
retina to the brain.
53. What part of the neuron receives signals? A. Axon B. Dendrite C. Soma D. Myelin
Dendrites are short, branched extensions that receive incoming signals
and transmit them toward the cell body.
54. What happens during depolarization of a neuron? A. Potassium enters the cell B. Sodium enters the cell C. Chloride exits the cell D. Calcium enters the cell
Depolarization occurs when sodium channels open, allowing sodium
ions to enter the neuron, making it more positive.
55. The endocrine system communicates using: A. Electrical impulses B. Neurotransmitters C. Hormones D. Enzymes
Hormones are chemical messengers secreted by glands that regulate
various physiological processes.
56. Which hormone lowers blood glucose levels? A. Glucagon B. Cortisol C. Insulin D. Growth hormone
Insulin facilitates glucose uptake by cells, thereby reducing blood sugar
levels.
57. Which leukocyte targets parasitic infections? A. Neutrophils B. Basophils
D. B−
O− lacks A, B, and Rh antigens, so it can be safely transfused to anyone.
61. What occurs during systole? A. The heart fills with blood B. The heart contracts C. The heart rests D. The valves open
Systole is the contraction phase when blood is pumped out of the
chambers.
62. The respiratory membrane allows for: A. Gas transport by blood B. Gas exchange between alveoli and capillaries C. Gas humidification D. Gas buffering
The respiratory membrane facilitates diffusion of oxygen and carbon
dioxide.
63. The majority of CO₂ is transported in blood as: A. Dissolved gas B. Carbaminohemoglobin C. Bicarbonate ions D. Carbon monoxide
Carbon dioxide is primarily converted into bicarbonate ions for transport
in blood plasma.
64. Which digestive enzyme is produced in the stomach? A. Pepsin B. Trypsin C. Amylase D. Lipase
Pepsin is a protease that begins protein digestion in the acidic
environment of the stomach.
65. Which part of the small intestine receives chyme from the stomach? A. Jejunum B. Ileum C. Duodenum D. Cecum
The duodenum is the first portion of the small intestine and receives
chyme from the stomach.
66. The process of filtration in the kidney occurs in the: A. Renal pelvis B. Glomerulus C. Loop of Henle D. Distal tubule
The glomerulus is a capillary network where blood pressure forces
plasma into the nephron.
