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Test Bank - Human Anatomy & Physiology, 2nd Edition (Amerman, 2019), Chapter 1-27 | All, Exams of Animal Anatomy and Physiology

Test Bank - Human Anatomy & Physiology, 2nd Edition (Amerman, 2019), Chapter 1-27 | All Chapters

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Test Bank - Human Anatomy & Physiology, 2nd
Edition (Amerman, 2019), Chapter 1-27 | All
Chapters.
1. Which of the following is the smallest structural level in the body?
A. Tissue
B. Organ
C. Chemical
D. Cellular
The chemical level includes atoms and molecules, the building blocks of
matter, making it the smallest level of organization.
2. Which organ system is responsible for producing movement and generating
heat?
A. Integumentary
B. Endocrine
C. Muscular
D. Lymphatic
The muscular system allows for body movement and generates heat as
a byproduct of muscle activity.
3. Which directional term means "closer to the point of origin"?
A. Distal
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Download Test Bank - Human Anatomy & Physiology, 2nd Edition (Amerman, 2019), Chapter 1-27 | All and more Exams Animal Anatomy and Physiology in PDF only on Docsity!

Test Bank - Human Anatomy & Physiology, 2nd

Edition (Amerman, 2019), Chapter 1-27 | All

Chapters.

1. Which of the following is the smallest structural level in the body? A. Tissue B. Organ C. Chemical D. Cellular

The chemical level includes atoms and molecules, the building blocks of

matter, making it the smallest level of organization.

2. Which organ system is responsible for producing movement and generating heat? A. Integumentary B. Endocrine C. Muscular D. Lymphatic

The muscular system allows for body movement and generates heat as

a byproduct of muscle activity.

3. Which directional term means "closer to the point of origin"? A. Distal

B. Proximal C. Superficial D. Deep

Proximal indicates a position closer to the point of attachment or origin,

commonly used with limbs.

4. The heart is located in which cavity? A. Abdominal B. Cranial C. Pleural D. Pericardial

The pericardial cavity, a subdivision of the thoracic cavity, houses the

heart.

5. Which feedback mechanism enhances the original stimulus? A. Negative feedback B. Equilibrium feedback C. Homeostatic feedback D. Positive feedback

Positive feedback amplifies the initial change, such as in childbirth or

blood clotting.

6. Which type of epithelial tissue lines the air sacs of the lungs? A. Stratified squamous B. Simple squamous C. Transitional D. Simple cuboidal

Melanin absorbs UV radiation, protecting underlying tissues from

damage.

10. What type of gland secretes products by exocytosis without damaging the cell? A. Holocrine B. Apocrine C. Merocrine D. Sebaceous

Merocrine glands release their products via exocytosis without harming

the cell.

11. Which bone cell breaks down bone tissue? A. Osteoblast B. Osteoclast C. Osteocyte D. Chondrocyte

Osteoclasts resorb bone during bone remodeling or calcium regulation.

12. What type of bone is the sternum classified as? A. Irregular B. Flat C. Short D. Long

The sternum is a flat bone, providing protection and attachment for

muscles.

13. What structure in a long bone contains yellow marrow? A. Epiphyseal plate B. Medullary cavity C. Periosteum D. Endosteum

The medullary cavity stores fat in the form of yellow marrow in adults.

14. The axial skeleton includes all of the following EXCEPT: A. Skull B. Vertebrae C. Scapula D. Sternum

The scapula is part of the appendicular skeleton, not the axial skeleton.

15. What type of joint allows for the most movement? A. Suture B. Syndesmosis C. Synovial D. Symphysis

Synovial joints are freely movable and include most joints of the limbs.

16. The sarcomere is part of which muscle type? A. Smooth B. Cardiac

20. The functional unit of the nervous system is the: A. Dendrite B. Axon C. Neuron D. Neuroglia

Neurons are specialized for receiving and transmitting signals.

21. Which part of the brain regulates vital functions like heart rate and breathing? A. Cerebrum B. Cerebellum C. Medulla oblongata D. Thalamus

The medulla oblongata controls autonomic functions such as respiration

and heartbeat.

22. The myelin sheath increases: A. Neurotransmitter production B. Speed of impulse conduction C. Brain mass D. Axon branching

Myelin insulates axons and allows for faster transmission of nerve

impulses.

23. Which division of the nervous system controls skeletal muscles? A. Autonomic B. Somatic C. Sympathetic D. Parasympathetic

The somatic nervous system is responsible for voluntary control of

skeletal muscles.

24. What structure connects the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland? A. Corpus callosum B. Infundibulum C. Thalamus D. Pineal gland

The infundibulum is a stalk that physically connects the hypothalamus

to the pituitary gland.

25. The hormone insulin is secreted by the: A. Pancreas B. Adrenal gland C. Pituitary gland D. Thyroid gland

Insulin is produced by beta cells of the pancreas and lowers blood

glucose levels.

26. Which hormone increases blood calcium levels? A. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) B. Calcitonin

The right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs via the

pulmonary arteries.

30. What is the function of the epiglottis? A. Aids in phonation B. Prevents food from entering the airway C. Produces mucus D. Moves vocal cords

The epiglottis covers the trachea during swallowing to prevent

aspiration.

31. The majority of nutrient absorption occurs in the: A. Stomach B. Small intestine C. Large intestine D. Esophagus

The small intestine has villi and microvilli that maximize surface area for

absorption.

32. Bile is produced in the: A. Gallbladder B. Liver C. Pancreas D. Stomach

Bile is synthesized in the liver and stored in the gallbladder.

33. Which structure stores and concentrates bile? A. Pancreas B. Gallbladder C. Duodenum D. Spleen

The gallbladder stores bile and releases it into the small intestine when

needed.

34. Which organ filters blood to form urine? A. Liver B. Kidney C. Spleen D. Pancreas

Kidneys regulate fluid balance and excrete waste by forming urine.

35. The functional unit of the kidney is the: A. Ureter B. Renal pelvis C. Nephron D. Glomerulus

The nephron performs filtration, reabsorption, and secretion to produce

urine.

36. Sperm production occurs in the: A. Seminiferous tubules B. Epididymis C. Vas deferens

B. Progesterone C. Luteinizing hormone (LH) D. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

LH surge triggers ovulation of a mature egg from the ovary.

41. What is the pH of blood under normal conditions? A. 6. B. 7. C. 7.35–7. D. 7.

Blood is slightly alkaline to support enzyme function and metabolic

activities.

42. Which vitamin is essential for blood clotting? A. Vitamin C B. Vitamin D C. Vitamin K D. Vitamin B

Vitamin K is necessary for synthesizing clotting factors in the liver.

43. Which leukocytes are most abundant? A. Lymphocytes B. Neutrophils C. Monocytes D. Eosinophils

Neutrophils make up 60–70% of WBCs and are first responders to

infection.

44. What is the role of surfactant in the lungs? A. Cilia movement B. Reduces surface tension C. Gas exchange D. Oxygen binding

Surfactant prevents alveolar collapse by reducing surface tension.

45. The diaphragm is a muscle used in: A. Inspiration B. Digestion C. Swallowing D. Defecation

Contraction of the diaphragm increases thoracic volume, drawing air

into the lungs.

46. Which lymphoid organ filters blood? A. Thymus B. Lymph node C. Spleen D. Appendix

The spleen filters blood, recycles old RBCs, and helps fight infections.

47. What antibody is secreted in breast milk? A. IgG

51. What type of muscle tissue is involuntary and lacks striations? A. Skeletal B. Cardiac C. Smooth D. Voluntary

Smooth muscle is involuntary, non-striated, and found in internal

organs like the stomach and blood vessels.

52. Which cranial nerve is responsible for vision? A. Optic (II) B. Olfactory (I) C. Trochlear (IV) D. Vagus (X)

The optic nerve (cranial nerve II) carries visual information from the

retina to the brain.

53. What part of the neuron receives signals? A. Axon B. Dendrite C. Soma D. Myelin

Dendrites are short, branched extensions that receive incoming signals

and transmit them toward the cell body.

54. What happens during depolarization of a neuron? A. Potassium enters the cell B. Sodium enters the cell C. Chloride exits the cell D. Calcium enters the cell

Depolarization occurs when sodium channels open, allowing sodium

ions to enter the neuron, making it more positive.

55. The endocrine system communicates using: A. Electrical impulses B. Neurotransmitters C. Hormones D. Enzymes

Hormones are chemical messengers secreted by glands that regulate

various physiological processes.

56. Which hormone lowers blood glucose levels? A. Glucagon B. Cortisol C. Insulin D. Growth hormone

Insulin facilitates glucose uptake by cells, thereby reducing blood sugar

levels.

57. Which leukocyte targets parasitic infections? A. Neutrophils B. Basophils

D. B−

O− lacks A, B, and Rh antigens, so it can be safely transfused to anyone.

61. What occurs during systole? A. The heart fills with blood B. The heart contracts C. The heart rests D. The valves open

Systole is the contraction phase when blood is pumped out of the

chambers.

62. The respiratory membrane allows for: A. Gas transport by blood B. Gas exchange between alveoli and capillaries C. Gas humidification D. Gas buffering

The respiratory membrane facilitates diffusion of oxygen and carbon

dioxide.

63. The majority of CO₂ is transported in blood as: A. Dissolved gas B. Carbaminohemoglobin C. Bicarbonate ions D. Carbon monoxide

Carbon dioxide is primarily converted into bicarbonate ions for transport

in blood plasma.

64. Which digestive enzyme is produced in the stomach? A. Pepsin B. Trypsin C. Amylase D. Lipase

Pepsin is a protease that begins protein digestion in the acidic

environment of the stomach.

65. Which part of the small intestine receives chyme from the stomach? A. Jejunum B. Ileum C. Duodenum D. Cecum

The duodenum is the first portion of the small intestine and receives

chyme from the stomach.

66. The process of filtration in the kidney occurs in the: A. Renal pelvis B. Glomerulus C. Loop of Henle D. Distal tubule

The glomerulus is a capillary network where blood pressure forces

plasma into the nephron.