[TEST BANK For Porth's Essentials of Pathophysiology 5th Edition by Tommie L Norris All, Exams of Nursing

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[TEST BANK For Porth's Essentials of Pathophysiology

5th Edition by Tommie L Norris

All Chapters 1 – 52 ]

Porth's Essentials of Pathophysiology / Edition 5 by Tommie L Norris Table of Contents Chapter 1-- Concepts of Health and Disease Chapter 2 -- Cell and Tissue Characteristics Chapter 3 -- Cellular Adaptation, Injury, and Death Chapter 4 -- Genetic Control of Cell Function and Inheritance Chapter 5 -- Genetic and Congenital Disorders Chapter 6 -- Neoplasia Chapter 7 -- Stress and Adaptation Chapter 8 -- Disorders of Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid–Base Balance Chapter 9 -- Inflammation, Tissue Repair, and Wound Healing Chapter 10 -- Mechanisms of Infectious Disease Chapter 11 -- Innate and Adaptive Immunity Chapter 12 -- Disorders of the Immune Response, Including HIV/AIDS Chapter 13 -- Organization and Control of Neural Function Chapter 14 -- Somatosensory Function, Pain, Headache, and Temperature Regulation Chapter 15 -- Disorders of Motor Function Chapter 16 -- Disorders of Brain Function Chapter 17 -- Sleep and Sleep–Wake Disorders Chapter 18 -- Disorders of Thought, Emotion, and Memory Chapter 19 -- Disorders of Visual Function Chapter 20 -- Disorders of Hearing and Vestibular Function Chapter 21 -- Blood Cells and the Hematopoietic System Chapter 22 -- Disorders of Hemostasis Chapter 23 -- Disorders of Red Blood Cells

Chapter v 49 v-- vDisorders vof vMusculoskeletal vFunction: vDevelopmental vandvMetabolicvDisorders, vActivityvIntolerance, vand vFatigue Chapter v 50 v-- vDisorders vof vMusculoskeletal vFunction: vRheumatic vDisorders vChapter v 51 v-- vStructure vand vFunction vof vthe vSkin Chapter v 52 v-- vDisorders vof vSkinvIntegrity vand vFunction

Porth’s vEssentials vof vPathophysiology v5thvEditionvTest vBank

Ch v 1 - vConcepts vof vHealth vand vDisease

1. At van vinternational vnursing vconference, vmanyvdiscussions vand vbreakout vsessions vfocused von vthe vWorld vHealth vOrganization v(WHO) vviews von vhealth. vOf vthe vfollowing vcomments vmade vby vnurses vduring va vdiscussion vsession, vwhich vstatements vwould vbe vconsidered va vgood vrepresentation vof vthe vWHO vdefinition? vSelect vall vthat vapply. A) Interests vin vkeeping vthe velderlyvpopulation vengaged vin vsuch vactivities vas vbook vreviews vand vword vgames vduring vsocial vtime B) Increase vin vthe vnumber vof vchair vaerobics vclasses vprovided vin vthe vskilled vcare vfacilities C) Interventions vgeared vtoward vkeeping vthe velderly vpopulation vdiagnosed vwith vdiabetes vmellitus vunder vtight vblood vglucose vcontrol vby vproviding vin-home vcooking vclasses D) Providing vtransportation vfor vrenal vdialysis vpatients vto vand vfrom vtheirvhemodialysis vsessions E) Providing vhandwashing vteaching vsessions vto va vgroup vof vyoung vchildren vANSWER: v A, vB, vC, vE Feedback: The vWHO vdefinition vof vhealth vis vdefined vas v“a vstate vof vcomplete vphysical, vmental, vand vsocial vwell-being vand vnot vmerely vthe vabsence vof vdisease vand vinfirmity.” vEngaging vin vbook vreviews vfacilitates vmental vand vsocial vwell-being; vchair vaerobics vhelps vfacilitate vphysical vwell-being; vand vassisting vwith vtight vcontrol vof vdiabetes vhelps vwith vfacilitating vphysical vwell-being veven vthough vthe vperson vhas va vchronic vdisease. vHandwashing vis vvital vin vthe vprevention vof vdisease vand vspread vof vgerms.
2. A vcommunity vhealth vnurse vis vteaching va vgroup vof vrecent vgraduates vabout vthe vlarge vvariety vof vfactors vthat vinfluence van vindividual's vhealth vor vlack vthereof. vThe vnurse vis vreferring vto vthe v Healthy vPeoplev 2020 v report vfrom vthe vU.S. vDepartment vof vHealth vand vHuman vServices vas va vteaching vexample. vOf vthe vfollowing vaspects vdiscussed, vwhich vwould vbevconsidered va vdeterminant vof vhealth vthat vis voutside vthevfocus vof vthis vreport? A) The vclient vhas va vdiverse vbackground vby vbeing vof vAsian vand vNative vAmerican vdescent vand vpractices vvarious valternative vtherapies vto vminimizeveffects vof vstress. B) The vclient vhas va vfamily vhistory vof vcardiovascular vdisease vrelated vto vhypercholesterolemia vand vremains vnoncompliant vwith vthe vtreatment vregime. C) The vclient vhas va vgood vcareer vwith vexceptional vpreventative vhealth vcare vbenefits. D) The vclient vlives vin van vaffluent, vclean, vsuburban vcommunityvwith vaccess vto vmany vhealth vcare vfacilities. ANSWER: vB Feedback: In v Healthy vPeople v 2020 , vthe vfocus vis vto vpromote vgood vhealth vto vall v(such vas vusing valternative vtherapies vto vminimize veffects vof vstress); vachieving vhealth vequity vand vpromoting vhealth vfor vall v(which vincludes vhaving vgood vhealth vcare vbenefits); vand vpromoting vgood vhealth v(which vincludes vliving vin vavclean vcommunity vwith vgood vaccess vto vhealth vcare). vA vclient's vnoncompliance vwith vtreatments vto vcontrol vhigh vcholesterol vlevels

3. A vphysician vis vproviding vcare vfor va vnumber vof vpatients von va vmedical vunit vof va vlarge, vuniversity vhospital. vThe vphysician vis vdiscussing vwith va vcolleague vthe vdifferentiation vbetween vdiseases vthat vare vcaused vbyvabnormal vmolecules vand vdiseases vthat vcause vdisease.vWhich vof vthe vfollowing vpatients vmost vclearly vdemonstrates vthe vconsequences vof vmolecules vthat vcause vdisease? A) A v 31 - year-old vwoman vwith vsickle vcell vanemiavwho visvreceiving va vtransfusion vof vpacked vred vblood vcells B) Av 91 - year-old vwoman vwho vhas vexperienced van vischemic vstrokevresulting vfrom vfamilial vhypercholesterolemia C) A v 19 - year-old vman vwith vexacerbation vof vhis vcystic vfibrosis vrequiring voxygen vtherapy vand vchest vphysiotherapy D) A v 30 - year-old vhomeless vman vwho vhas v Pneumocystis vcarinii v pneumonia v(PCP) vandvis vHIV vpositive. ANSWER: vD Feedback: PCP vis van vexample vof vthe veffect vof vavmolecule vthat vdirectly vcontributes vto vdisease. vSickle vcell vanemia, vfamilial vhypercholesterolemia, vand vcystic vfibrosis vare vall vexamples vof vthe veffects vof vabnormal vmolecules.
4. A vmember vof vthe vhealth vcare vteam vis vresearching vthe vetiology vand vpathogenesis vof va vnumber vof vclients vwho vare vunder vhis vcare vin va vhospital vcontext. vWhich vof vthe vfollowing

vaspects vof vclients' vsituations vbNesUt vchSaraNctGerTizBes vpaOthMogenesis vrather vthan vetiology?

A) Avclient vwho vhas vbeen vexposed vto vthev Mycobacterium vtuberculosis v bacterium B) Avclient vwho vhas vincreasing vserum vammonia vlevels vdue vto vlivervcirrhosis C) Avclient vwho vwas vadmitted vwith vthe veffects vof vmethyl valcohol vpoisoning D) A vclient vwith vmultiple vskeletal vinjuries vsecondary vto va vmotor vvehiclevaccident vANSWER: v B Feedback: Pathogenesis vrefers vto vthe vprogressive vand vevolutionary vcourse vof vdisease, vsuch vas vthe vincreasing vammonia vlevels vthat vaccompany vliver vdisease. vBacteria, vpoisons, vand vtraumatic vinjuries vare vexamples vof vetiologic vfactors.

5. A vnew vmyocardial vinfarction vpatient vrequiring vangioplasty vand vstent vplacement vhas varrived vto vhis vfirst vcardiac vrehabilitation vappointment. vIn vthis vfirst vsession, va vreview vof vthe vpathogenesis vof vcoronary vartery vdisease vis vaddressed. vWhich vstatement vby vthe vpatientvverifies vto vthe vnurse vthat vhe vhas vunderstood vthe vnurse's vteachings vabout vcoronary vartery vdisease? A) “All vIvhave vto vdo vis vstop vsmoking, vand vthen vIvwon't vhave vanyvmore vheart vattacks.” B) “My vartery vwas vclogged vbyvfat, vso vIvwill vneed vto vstop veating vfatty vfoods vlike vFrench vfries vevery vday.” C) “Sounds vlikevthis vbegan vbecause vof vinflammation vinside vmy varteryvthat vmade vit veasy vto vform vfatty vstreaks, vwhich vlead vto vmyvclogged vartery.” D) “If vI vdo vnot vexercise vregularly vto vget vmy vheart vrate vup, vblood vpools vin vthe vveins vcausing va vclot vthat vstops vblood vflow vto vthe vmuscle, vand vIvwill vhave va vheart vattack.” ANSWER: vC Feedback: The vtrue vetiology/cause vof vcoronary vartery vdisease v(CAD) vis vunknown; vhowever, vthe vpathogenesis vof vthe vdisorder vrelates vto vthe vprogression vof vthe vinflammatory vprocess vfromva vfatty vstreak vto vthe vocclusive vvessel vlesion vseen vin vpeople vwith vcoronary vartery vdisease. vRisk vfactors vfor vCAD vrevolve varound vcigarette vsmoking, vdiet vhigh vin vfat, vand vlack vof vexercise.
6. A v 77 - year-old vman vis va vhospital vinpatient vadmitted vfor vexacerbation vof vhis vchronic vobstructive vpulmonaryvdisease v(COPD), vand va vrespiratory vtherapist v(RT) vis vassessing vthe

vclient vfor vthe vfirst vtime. vWhicNh vofRtheIfNolGloTwBin.gCaOspMects vof vthe vpatient's vcurrent vstate vof

vhealth vwould vbe vbest vcharacterized vas va vsymptom vrather vthan va vsign? A) The vpatient's voxygen vsaturation vis v83% vbyvpulse voxymetry. B) The vpatient vnotes vthat vhevhas vincreased vwork vof vbreathing vwhen vlying vsupine. C) The vRT vhears vdiminished vbreath vsounds vto vthe vpatient's vlower vlung vfields vbilaterally. D) The vpatient's vrespiratory vrate vis v 31 vbreaths/minute.vANSWER: v B Feedback: Symptoms vare vsubjective vcomplaints vby vthe vperson vexperiencing vthe vhealth vproblem, vsuch vas vcomplaints vof vbreathing vdifficulty. vOxygen vlevels, vlistening vto vbreath vsounds, vand vrespiratory vrate vare vall vobjective, vobservable vsigns vof vdisease.

9. The vlaboratory vtechnologists vare vdiscussing va vnew vblood vtest vthat vhelps vestablish va vdifferential vdiagnosis vbetween vshortness vof vbreath vwith va vcardiac vetiology vand vshortness vof vbreath vwith va vrespiratory/pulmonary vetiology. vA vpositive vresult vis vpurported vto vindicate va vcardiac vetiology. vThe vmarketers vof vthe vtest vreport vthat v99.8% vof vpatients vwho vhave vconfirmed vcardiac vetiologies vtest vpositive vin vthe vtest. vHowever, v1.3% vof vpatients vwho vdo vnot vhavevcardiac vetiologies vfor vtheir vshortness vof vbreath valso vtest vpositive. vWhich vof vthe vfollowing vstatements vbest vcharacterizes vthis vblood vtest? A) Low vvalidity; vhigh vreliability B) Highvsensitivity; vlowvspecificity C) Highvspecificity; vlow vreliability D) Highvsensitivity;vlowvreliability vANSWER: v B Feedback: A vlarge vnumber vof vpatients vwould vreceive vthe vcorrect vpositive vdiagnosis v(high vsensitivity), vwhile vavsignificant vnumber vwouldvreceive vavfalse-positivevdiagnosis v(low vspecificity). vThe vinformation vgiven vdoes vnotvindicate vlow vreliability vor vlow vvalidity.
10. As vpart vof va vscreening vprogram vfor vprostate vcancer, vmen vat va vsenior vcitizens' vcenter vare vhaving vtheir vblood vlevels vof vprostate-specific vantigen v(PSA) vmeasured. vWhich vof vthe vfollowing vstatements vwould vbest vcharacterize va vhigh vpositivevpredictivevvalue vbut va vlow vnegative vpredictive vvalue vfor vthis vscreening vtest? A) All vof vthevmen vwho vhadvhigh vPSA vlevels vdeveloped vprostate vcancer; vseveral vmen

vwho vhad vlow vPSA vlevelNs valsoSdIeNveGloTpBed vprostate vcancer.

B) All vof vthe vmen vwho vhad vlowvPSA vlevels vwerevcancer-free; vseveral vmen vwho vhad high vlevels valso vremained vfree vof vprostate vcancer. C) Men vwho vhad vlow vPSA vlevels valso vdisplayed vfalse-positive vresults vfor vprostate vcancer; vmen vwith vhigh vlevels vwerevoften vfalselyvdiagnosed vwith vprostate vcancer. D) The vtest vdisplayed vlow vsensitivity vbut vhigh vspecificity. vANSWER: v A Feedback: The vtest's vinability vto vrule vout vcancer vwith va vlow vPSA vlevel vindicates va vlow vnegative vpredictive vvalue. vAnswer vB vsuggests vavhigh vnegative vpredictive vvalue, vwhile vanswer vC vindicates va vlow vpositive vpredictive vvalue. vHigh vpositive vpredictive vvalue vis vassociated vwith vhigh vsensitivity.

11. A vmalevinternational vbusiness vtraveler vhas vreturned vfrom va vtrip vto vIndonesia. vWhile vthere, vhe vhired va vprostitute vfor vcompanionship vand vengaged vin vunprotected vsex von vmore vthan vone voccasion. vUnbeknownst vto vhim, vthis vprostitute vharbored vthe vhepatitis vC vvirus. vUpon vreturn vto vthe vUnited vStates, vhe vexhibited vno vsymptoms vand vreturned vto vhis vusual vactivities. vDuring vthis vperiod vof vno voutward vsymptoms, vthe vman vwould vbe vclassified vas vbeing vin A) the vpreclinical vstagevof vdisease. B) remission vand vunlikelyvto vdevelop vhepatitis vC. C) thevclinical vdiseasevstagevof vhepatitis vC. D) the vchronic vphase vof vhepatitis vC. vANSWER: v A Feedback: During vthe vpreclinical vstage, vthe vdisease vis vnot vclinicallyvevident vbut vis vdestined vto vprogress vto vclinical vdisease.
12. As vof vNovember v1, v2012, vthere vwere va vtotal vof v 10 vconfirmed vcases vof vHantavirus vinfection vin vpeople vwho vwere vrecent vvisitors v(mid-June vto vend vof vAugust, v2012) vto vYosemite vNational vPark. vThree vvisitors vwith vconfirmed vcases vdied. vHealth vofficials vbelieve vthat v 9 vout vof vthe v 10 vpeople vwith vHantavirus vwere vexposed vwhile vstaying vin vCurry vVillage vin vthe vSignature vTent vCabins. vThis vis van vexample vof A) what vthe vanticipated vmortality vratevwould vbe vif vavfamilyvof vfivevwere vplanning vto vvacation vin vYosemite vNational vPark.

B) the vprevalence vof vHantaNvirusSoIne vcaTn vanticipMate vif vhe vor vshe vis vgoingvto vvacation vin

vYosemitevNational vPark. C) thevlow vrate vof vmorbidity vone vcan vexpect vwhile vtraveling vto vYosemite vNational vPark. D) thevincidence vof vpeople vwhovare vat vrisk vfor vdeveloping vHantavirus vwhile vstaying vin vYosemitevNational vPark. ANSWER: vD Feedback: The vincidence vreflects vthe vnumber vof vnew vcases varising vin va vpopulation vat vrisk vduring va vspecified vtime.

15. A vnurse vpractitioner vis vworking vin va vcrowded vneighborhood vwhere vthe vpopulation vis vprimarily vimmigrants vfrom vChina. vThe vnurse vhas vdesigned va vresearch vstudy vto vfollow vchildren vfrom vkindergarten vto vthe vage vof v25. vShe vis vgoing vto vbe vlooking vat vtheir vdiet, vsuccessful vprogression vin vschool, vhealth vpractices, vand vdevelopmentvof vdisease, vtovname va vfew vitems. vThis vtype vof vresearch vis vknown vas A) cohort vstudy. B) cross-sectional vstudy. C) case–control vstudy. D) epidemiological vstudy. vANSWER: v A Feedback: In vthis vcohort vstudy, vavgroup vof vpeople vwho vwere vborn vat vapproximately vthe vsame vtime vor vshare vsome vcharacteristics vof vinterest vis vthe vfocus vof vthe vresearch. vThis vstudy vdoes vnot vpossess vthe vcharacteristics vof va vcase–control vor vcross-sectional vstudy, vand vepidemiological vstudyvis vnot van vexisting vmethodology.
16. As vpart vof va vcommunityvclass, vstudent vnurses vare vdeveloping va vclass vto vteach vexpectant vparents vthe vimportance vof vhaving vtheir vchild vproperly vsecured vin va vchild vsafety vseat. vDuring vthe vclass, vthe vstudents vare vgoing vto vhave va vsafety vofficer vexamine vthe vcar vseats vthat vthe vparents vhave vinstalled vin vtheir vvehicles. vThis vis van vexample vof vwhich vtype vof vprevention? A) Primaryvprevention B) Secondaryvprevention C) Tertiary vprevention D) Prognosis venhancementvANSWER: v A Feedback: Primary vprevention vis vdirected vat vkeeping vdisease vfrom voccurring vby vremoving vrisk vfactors. vSome vprimary vprevention vis vmandated vbyvlaw, vlikevchild vsafety vseats. vSecondary vprevention vfocuses von vscreening vand vearly vdisease videntification, vwhereas vtertiary vprevention vis vdirected vat vinterventions vto vprevent vcomplications vof va vdisease.

17. A vmultidisciplinary vhealth vcare vteam voperates va vprogram vaimed vat vthe vprevention, videntification, vand vtreatment vof vdiabetes von va vlarge vIndian vreservation. vWhich vof vthevfollowing vaspects vof vthe vprogram vwould vbe vmost vlikely vto vbe vclassified vas vsecondaryvprevention? A) Regularlyvscheduled vwound vdressing vchanges vfor vclients vwho vhave vfoot vulcers vsecondaryvto vperipheral vneuropathy vand vimpaired vwound vhealing B) Teaching vschool vchildren vhow va vnutritious, vtraditional vdietvcan vlessen vtheir vchances vof vdeveloping vadult-onset vdiabetes C) Staffing va vbooth vwhere vcommunity vresidents vwho vare vattending vavbaseball vtournament vcan vhave vtheir vblood vglucose vlevels vchecked D) Administering voral vantihyperglycemicvmedications vto vclients vwhovhaveva vdiagnosis vof vdiabetes ANSWER: vC Feedback: Secondary vprevention vfocuses von vscreening vand vearly vdisease videntification, vsuch vas vchecking vthe vblood vglucose vlevels vof va vlarge vnumber vof vindividuals vto videntify vpotential vcases vof vdiabetes. vWound vtreatment vand vmedication vadministration vwould vbe vconsideredvtertiary vinterventions, vand veducation vwould vbe vconsidered vprimary vprevention.
18. An voccupational vtherapist vconducts va vgroup vtherapy vprogram vcalled vMindWorks vwith volder vadults vwho vhave vdiagnoses vof vdementia vand vAlzheimer vdisease. vThe vgoal vof vthe vgroup vis vto vslow vthe vcognitive vdecline vof vclients vby vengaging vthem vin vregular, vorganized

vmental vactivityvsuch vas vreadinNgvmRaps vaNnd vsoBlv.inCgOpMuzzles. vHow vwould vthe vprogram vmost

vlikelyvbe vcharacterized? A) Primaryvprevention B) Secondaryvprevention C) Tertiary vprevention D) Prognosis venhancementvANSWER: v C Feedback: Interventions vaimed vat vslowing vthe vcourse vof van valready-diagnosed vdisease vcharacterize vtertiary vprevention.

20. The vneuroscience vnursing vunit vhas vdeveloped va vset vof vstep-by-step vdirections vof vwhat vshould voccur vif va vnursing vassessment vreveals vthat vthe vpatient vmay vbe vexhibiting vclinical vmanifestations vof vavcerebrovascular vaccident v(CVA). vWhich vof vthevfollowing vstatements vabout vclinical vpractice vguidelines vare vaccurate? vSelect vall vthat vapply. A) Step-by-step vguidelines vare vusually vdeveloped vand vbased vprimarily von v“how vit vhas valways vbeen vdone vbefore.” B) Thevdevelopment vof vevidence-based vpractice vguidelines vrequires va vresearch vreviewvfrom vdifferent vstudies vto vdevelop vthe vmost vaccurate vdiagnostic vmethod vto vimplement. C) Once vdeveloped, vpractice vguidelines vonlyvneed vto vbe vreviewed vifva vnational vcommittee vsends vout van vupdate von vnew vresearch. D) When vdeveloping va vCVA vset vof vstep-by-step vdirections, vthe vnursing vunit vshould vask vfor vassistance vfrom vexperts vin vthe vneuroscience vfield. vThe vpotential vusers vof vthe vguidelines vshould vpilot vtest vit vfor vfurther vfeedback. E) A vmeta-analysis vcould vbevutilized vto vcombine vevidence vfrom vdifferent vstudies vto vproduce va vmore vaccurate vdiagnostic vmethod. ANSWER: vB, vD, vE Feedback: Clinical vpractice vguidelines vare vsystematically vdeveloped vand vintended vto vinform vpractitioners vin vmaking vdecisions vabout vhealth vcare vfor vCVA vpatients. vThey vshould vbe vdeveloped vusing vresearch vand vreview vby vexperts vin vthe vclinical vcontent. vPotential vuses vshould valso vparticipate vand vprovide vfeedback vprior vto vimplementation. vThe vpurpose vof vthe vguidelines vis vto vreview vEBP varticles vand vdevelop vnew vpractice vguidelines vrather vthan

vcontinuing vpracticing vprimarilyUoRn v“hIoNwGit vhBa.s valwMays vbeen vdone vbefore.”Once

vdeveloped, vthe vguidelines vmust vbe vcontinually vreviewed vand vchanged vto vkeep vpace vwith vnew vresearch vfindings. vA vmeta-analysis vcould vbe vutilized vto vcombine vevidence vfrom vdifferent vstudies vto vproduce va vmore vaccurate vdiagnostic vmethod vor vthe veffects vof van vintervention vmethod.

Ch v 2 - vCell vand vTissue vCharacteristics

1. During va vdiscussion von vcellular vcomponents vand vtheir vfunction, va vstudent vasked vthe vinstructor vthe vpurpose vof vmessenger vRNA v(mRNA). vOf vthe vfollowing, vwhich vis vthe vmost vaccurate vanswer? A) Transports vamino vacids vto vthe vsitevof vprotein vsynthesis B) Acts vas van vinner vnuclear vsupport vmembrane vfor va vrigid vnetwork vof vprotein vfilaments vthat vbind vDNA vto vthe vnucleus C) Performs van vactivevrolevof vprotein vsynthesis, vwherevmRNA vmolecules vdirect vthe vassembly vof vproteins von vribosomes vto vthe vcytoplasm D) Assists vcells vin vforming vneoplastic vprogression vby valtering vthe vresponse vof vchromatin vin vthe vnuclear vmatrix ANSWER: vC Feedback: The vnucleus vis vthe vsite vfor vthe vsynthesis vof vthree vtypes vof vRNA vthat vmove vto vthe vcytoplasm vand vcarry vout vthe vactual vsynthesis vof vproteins. vMessenger vRNA vcopies vand vcarries vthe vDNA vinstructions vfor vprotein vsynthesis vto vthe vcytoplasm. vRibosomal vRNA vis vthe vsite vof vactual vprotein vsynthesis; vtransfer vRNA vtransports vamino vacids vto vthe vsite vof vprotein vsynthesis.
2. The vnurse vis vproviding vcare vfor va vclient vwith va vdiagnosis vof vcirrhosis, vand vshe vnotes vthat vthe vclient's vsclerae vare vjaundiced. vThe vnurse vrecalls vthat vjaundice vis va vpigment vthat vcan vaccumulate vin vwhich vpart vof vthe vcell? A) Nucleus vB) Cytoplasm C) Golgi vapparatus D) Rough vendoplasmic vreticulum v(ER) vANSWER: v B Feedback: Pigments vsuch vas vbilirubin vand vmelanin vcan vaccumulate vin vthe vcytoplasm, vresulting vin vthe vcharacteristic vyellow vskin vtones vassociated vwith vjaundice. vPigments vdo vnot vtend vtovaccumulate vin vthe vnucleus, vGolgi vapparatus, vor vrough vER.

5. Avpatient vhas vbeenvdiagnosed vwith vavneurodegenerativevdisease vcalledvmultiple vsclerosis v(MS). vThe vphysician vexplains vto vthe vpatient vthat vthis vdisease vmay vbe vcaused vby vdysregulated vapoptosis. vLater vthat vday, vthe vpatient vasks vthe vnurse vwhat vthis vmeans. vThe vnurse vshould vreply, A) “The vcells varound vyour vnerves vdon't vknow vhow vto vdie vcorrectly.” B) “The vcytoplasm vshould vneutralize vthe vvarious vapoptotic vinhibitors vbut visn't vworking vcorrectly.” C) “Dysregulated vapoptosis vhas vcaused van vexcessive vrate vof vprogrammed vcell vdeath valong vthe vneuropathways.” D) “There vis van vinappropriately vlow vrate vof vapoptosis voccurring vwithin vthe vcells.” vANSWER: v C Feedback: Dysregulated vapoptosis vcan vmean vtoo vlittle vor vtoo vmuch vand vhas vbeen vimplicated vin vneurodegenerative vdiseases, vin vwhich vthere vis van vincreased vor vexcessive vrate vof vapoptosis.
6. A vpatient vexperiencing v immotile vcilia vsyndrome v should vbe vfrequently vassessed vby vthe vnurse vfor vwhich vpriority vcomplication? A) Epistaxis vresulting vfrom vloss vof vciliavin vthe vnasal vpassageway B) Bronchiectasis vdue vto vinterferences vwith vclearance vof vinhaledvbacteria valong vthevrespiratory vtract C) Sterility vcaused vbyvinability vof vthevsperm vto vswim vdownstream

D) Inabilityvto vhear vsoft vsounUds vreIlateGd vtoBk.inCoOcilium von vthe vhair vcells vin vthe vinner vear

vANSWER: v B Feedback: Immotilevcilia vsyndrome v immobilizes vthe vciliavof vthe vrespiratory vtract, vthus vinterfering vwith vclearance vof vinhaled vbacteria, vleading vto vthe vchronic vlung vdisease vcalled vbronchiectasis.

7. A vcommunity vhealth vcare vworker vis vexplaining vto va vgroup vof vfactory vworkers vthe vimportance vof vwearing vgloves vwhen vworking vwith vstrong vchemicals vsuch vas vturpentine vand vpaint vthinner. vWhich vof vthe vfollowing vcharacteristics vof vcell vmembranes vunderlies vthe vnurse's vteaching? A) Cell vmembranes varevimpermeablevto vall vbut vlipid-soluble vsubstances. B) Cell vmembranes vhave va vhydrophilic vhead vand va vhydrophobic vtail. C) Cell vmembranes vcontain vreceptors vfor vhormones vand vbiologically vactive vsubstances. D) Transmembrane vproteins vcan vpass vthrough vthe vcell vmembrane vinto vthe vintracellularvenvironment. ANSWER: vA Feedback: Because vcell vmembranes vare vsoluble vto vsome vlipid-soluble vsubstances vsuch vas vorganic vsolvents, vsuch vsubstances vshould vbe vkept vfrom vdirect vcontact vwith vskin vcells. vThe vfacts vthat vcell vmembranes vhave va vhydrophilic vhead vand va vhydrophobic vtail vand vcontain vreceptors vfor vhormones vand vbiologicallyvactive vsubstances vdo vnot vhave vavbearing von vthe vnurse's vteaching. vWhile vtransmembrane vproteins vcan vindeed vpass vinto vthe vintracellular venvironment, vthe vnurse vis vnot vreferring vto vproteins vin vthe vteaching.
8. The vnurse vis vexplaining vthe vworkings vof vselective vserotonin vreuptake vinhibitors vto va vclient vwith vavdiagnosis vof vdepression. vWithin vthe vteaching, vthe vnurse vmentions vthat vin vthe vnervous vsystem, vthe vtransmission vof vinformation vby vneurotransmitters vis A) synapticvsignaling. B) endocrinevsignaling. C) autocrinevsignaling. D) paracrine vsignaling. vANSWER: v A Feedback: Synaptic vsignaling voccurs vin vthe vnervous vsystem, vwhere vneurotransmitters vact vonly von vadjacent vnerve vcells vthrough vspecial vcontact vareas vcalled vsynapses. vEndocrine vsignaling vrelies von vhormones vcarried vin vthe vbloodstream vto vcells vthroughout vthe vbody. vAutocrine vsignaling voccurs vwhen va vcell vreleases va vchemical vinto vthe vextracellular vfluid vthat vaffects vits vown vactivity. vWith vparacrine vsignaling, venzymes vrapidly vmetabolize vthe vchemical vmediators vand vtherefore vact vmainly von vnearbyvcells.