Download Biology of Animal Skeletons: Circulation, Transport Systems, and Support Structures and more Quizzes Biology in PDF only on Docsity!
Why are circulation and transport systems
necessary?
Surface Area Volume and Diffusion: -organisms that exceed 1-2 mm in diameter face a problem -most larger organism have adaptions that compensate for this issue TERM 2
Support in Sponges
DEFINITION 2 Spicules: -primarily spicules: triangled shapes -primarily spongin: more of a sponge like quality to them -or BOTH! TERM 3
Hydrostatic Skeleton
DEFINITION 3 -Requires closed cavity (pseudocoelom or coelum) -Support derived from the pressure of the fluid within the organism reinforced with muscles and a fibrous mesh -Pressure at one point (via contraction) has consequences at another point TERM 4
Hydrostatic Skeleton (cont.)
DEFINITION 4 -Typically found in aquatic or soil dwelling organisms with particular attributes come certain constraints -Offers some level of protection (DOES BEST IN AQUATIC HABITATS AND SUBSTRATES) TERM 5
Exoskeleton
DEFINITION 5 -External covering for support and protection -Serves as muscle attachment site -Found in most arthropods and mollusks -ALL Arthropod exoskeleton is chitin based -Mollusk exoskeleton is calcium carbonate based
Mollusk Exoskeleton
-grow with organism -develops via the mantle -have a huge diversity (even within individual species) TERM 7
Arthropod Exoskeleton
DEFINITION 7
- Does not grow with the organism (molts are needed) - Exoskeleton has 4 functional regions TERM 8
4 Functional Regions of Arthropod
Exoskeletons
DEFINITION 8
- Epicuticle - desiccation prevention (outer most layer, prevent water loss) 2) Procuticle - chitin fibers and protein matrix (support and Dfence) 3) Epidermis secretes cuticle layers 4) Basement membrane - support TERM 9
Endoskeleton
DEFINITION 9 -Internal skeleton (support and protection) -Serves as muscle attachment site -Grows with the other tissues -Found in echinoderms and chordates (Echinoderm endoskeletons made of connective tissue and CaCO3) (Chordate endoskeletons - made up of cartilage bone or both) TERM 10
Echinoderm Exoskeleton
DEFINITION 10 -Composed of CaCO3 and connective tissue -Ossicles forming a lattice -Optimization: low weight - high strength (found in all echinoderms!)
Skeletal Adaptations
-Cartilage skeletons -Bony fishes Extremely reduced bones in limbs -Marine mammals Spongy and less stiff Limb bones are reduced in size and number TERM 17
Terrestrial environment
DEFINITION 17 -A much different scenario -Movement through a less dense medium (in many cases) -Gravity necessitates a number of adaptations! TERM 18
Terrestrial Skeletal Adaptations
DEFINITION 18 -Bony skeletons -Birds reduced bone numbers and hollow interior -Skeletons reflect the diversity of lifestyles exhibited by vertebrates (Herbivores, predators, etc )
