Download test 3 | POL 140.00 - Introduction to the Politics of Africa,Asia, & Latin America and more Quizzes Political Science in PDF only on Docsity!
Ethnicity
Sharing a distinctive and enduring collective identity based on a belief in a common descent. This collective identity is usually marked through shared experiences and cultural traits TERM 2
Colonial Legacies and Ethnicity
DEFINITION 2 Creation of arbitrary boundaries and multiethnic states Divide and Conquer policies employed by colonial powers TERM 3
Politicization of Ethnicity
DEFINITION 3 Articulation of social or economic grievances through ethnic terms Efficient way of defining political positions and getting votes TERM 4
Nation
DEFINITION 4 A nation is an ethnic group that is inherently political. Members of a nation believe they should have self-rule over a territorial unit. TERM 5
Nationalism
DEFINITION 5 Loyalty to ones national group. Defines the political community people in national (ethnic) terms and tries to merge the two.
Patriotism
Loyalty to ones state. Defines the political community (i.e. people) in non-ethnic terms and emphasizes attachment to political principles. TERM 7
Secessionism
DEFINITION 7 the desire of a (minority) national group to break away from the state and create its own political sovereignty over a part of the territory TERM 8
Contact theory
DEFINITION 8 As people of different races, religions, and ethnicities come into greater contact with each other, they better understand each others human qualities. This leads intergroup prejudice to decline TERM 9
Conflict theory
DEFINITION 9 As ethnic groups come into greater contact, the prejudice between them increases. TERM 10
Sri Lanka
DEFINITION 10 Has two main groups the Sinhalese and the Tamil
Coloureds
10 percent of Africa's population TERM 17
Afrikaner
DEFINITION 17 Afrikaners (including distinct Boer subgroup) are an Afrikaans-speaking ethnic group in Southern Africa descended from almost equal numbers of Dutch, French and German settlers whose native tongue is Afrikaans TERM 18
African National Congress
DEFINITION 18 African National Congress (ANC) was a political movement of Blacks opposing apartheid since the beginning. In the 1980s, the anti-apartheid movement was supported by a coalition of ANC, international actors, and a minority of Whites. TERM 19
Nelson Mandela
DEFINITION 19 Nelson Mandela was released from prison. ANC wins a large majority and Nelson Mandela became the as the head of the became the first president of the post-apartheid South Africa. TERM 20
Post-Apartheid South
Africa
DEFINITION 20 Today South Africa faces problems due to a lack of integration and huge racial disparities as a legacy of apartheid. The government does not engage in egalitarian structural reforms in order to prevent capital (White) flight. Therefore the reforms have been very slow.
Truth and Reconciliation Commission
Non-ethnic patriotism is emphasized TERM 22
Federalism
DEFINITION 22 Federalism is an institutional arrangement that creates two levels of government: Divides power between the national government and smaller governing sub-units (i.e. states in the USA). grants some type of autonomy to each level Federalism in ethnically divided societies affect ethnic relations only in situations where contending groups are concentrated in different regions of the country. TERM 23
Consociationalism
DEFINITION 23 A power sharing arrangement used in bi-national, multinational, or multiethnic states. (i.e. Lebanon, Belgium, Cyprus). Ethnic groups (majority and minorities) share political power in a ruling coalition through their leaders. Government funds and public employment, such as the civil service are allocated to ethnic groups proportional to their size. Minorities have sometimes the power to veto the decision of a majority regarding issues which are detrimental to their own interests TERM 24
Lebanon
DEFINITION 24 Consociational political system established in 1943. Political representation based on confessional groups. President was always a Maronite Christian, the prime minister a Sunni Muslim, and the speaker of the parliament a Shia Muslim. TERM 25
Civil war in
Lebanon
DEFINITION 25 Civil War broke in 1975 between Maronite Christians, Shii Muslims, and Sunni Muslims
Hutus
The Hutu , or Abahutu, are a Central African ethnic group, living mainly in Rwanda and Burundi. TERM 32
Tutsis
DEFINITION 32 An ethnic group in Central Africa. TERM 33
Dehumanization
DEFINITION 33 Dehumanization is to make somebody less human by taking away his or her individuality, the creative and interesting aspects of his or her personality, or his or her compassion and sensitivity towards others. TERM 34
Paul Kagame
DEFINITION 34 Paul Kagame is the current President of the Republic of Rwanda. TERM 35
Identity Amin Maalouf
DEFINITION 35 Every person has one identity which is composed of multiple allegiances.
Essentialism Amin Maalouf
Essentialism is the idea that a person's identity can be reduced to one defining characteristic. Hence essentialism argues that there is an essence to a persons identity. Maalouf disagrees with the essentialist position and claims that the relative importance of these allegiances changes with social and historical context. TERM 37
Pessimistic hyperglobalizers
DEFINITION 37 Cultural imperialism: Western popular culture (i.e. McDonalds, Hollywood, pop music) penetrates every corner of the world and undermines local cultures. A small number of TNCs control almost all the worlds communication industries. Profit-making, entertainment, and production of news are intertwined: Hence cultural globalization leads to depoliticization of social reality and the weakening of civic bonds. TERM 38
Optimistic hyperglobalizers
DEFINITION 38 Creation of a global culture creates better communication among groups. Creation of a global culture leads to democracy, peace, and better human rights. TERM 39
Glocalization
DEFINITION 39 A complex interaction of the global and local characterized by cultural borrowing TERM 40
Cultural Globalization and Language
DEFINITION 40 English is becoming the lingua franca of the world
universalism
Universalism in its primary meaning refers to religious, theological, and philosophical concepts with universal ("applying to all") application or applicability. TERM 47
Cultural Relativism
DEFINITION 47 Cultural relativism is the principle that an individual human's beliefs and activities should be understood by others in terms of that individual's own culture.
