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Meteorite
any extraterrestrial object that is large enough to strike Earth's surface and make a crater TERM 2
Impact Crater
DEFINITION 2 formed when a meteorite crashes into a larger planetary body that has a solid surface. TERM 3
Hypothesis
DEFINITION 3 a reasonable explanation for an observation; testable, there needs to be a possibility of disproving it. TERM 4
Predictions
DEFINITION 4 a statement of what will happen under certain circumstances if the hypothesis is true TERM 5
Dependent Variable
DEFINITION 5 variable that is measured to see if changing the independent variable had an effect, the collected data (Y-axis)
Controlled Variable
factors that might effect the dependent variable and that therefore must be consistent for all cases of the independent variable tested, don't change TERM 7
Joules
DEFINITION 7 the amount of work done by a force of one Newton moving an object through a distance of one meter TERM 8
Control
DEFINITION 8 the portion that you are not performing experimenting on. TERM 9
Statistics
DEFINITION 9 summarize large volumes of mathematical info and so are found wherever theres data to be presented. TERM 10
Mode
DEFINITION 10 the number that occurs most
Data Analysis
to present the data in a concise but clear manner, so that you have sufficient info to make conclusions TERM 17
Bar Graphs
DEFINITION 17 graphing non-continuous data such as data from different experimental groups. TERM 18
Line Graphs
DEFINITION 18 graph for when data is continuous (each point id related to the next, connected by a line) TERM 19
Scatter
Plots
DEFINITION 19 graphing two variables against one another to determine their relationship. TERM 20
Environment
DEFINITION 20 the total of our surroundings (living, nonliving, the built structures, social relationships and institutions)
Environmental Science
study of how the natural world work and how the environment affects human and how we affect it TERM 22
Natural resources
DEFINITION 22 substances and energy sources need for survival TERM 23
Renewable resources
DEFINITION 23 perpetually available resources, can be destroyed TERM 24
Nonrenewable resources
DEFINITION 24 can be depleted (oil, coal, minerals TERM 25
Ecosystem
Services
DEFINITION 25 arise from the normal functioning of natural serviced purify air and water, cycle nutrients, regulate climate pollinate plants, receive and recycle wastes Humans degrade ecosystem services
Interdisciplinary field
Environmental science borrows techniques from multiple disciplines and brings their research together. TERM 32
Natural Sciences (interd.)
DEFINITION 32 information about the world Environmental science programs TERM 33
Social Sciences
DEFINITION 33 Values and human behavior Environmental studio programs TERM 34
Environmental problem
DEFINITION 34 the perception of what constitutes a problem varies between individuals and societies Ex: DDT TERM 35
DDT
DEFINITION 35 killed malaria hard insecticide -residue accumulates in the environment (2-15 yrs Bioaccumulates in an animals body Biomagnifies in the food web affects nervous system
Environmentalism
a social movement dedicated to protecting the natural world TERM 37
Science
DEFINITION 37 a process for producing empirical knowledge about the natural world through methodical and logical studies of nature TERM 38
7 Priciples Of Science
DEFINITION 38 EmpiricismUniformitarianismParsimonyUncertaintyRepeatabilityP is elusiveTestable questions TERM 39
Empiricism
DEFINITION 39 understanding fundamental processes ad natural laws by observation TERM 40
Uniformitarianism
DEFINITION 40 the forces at work today are the same that shaped the world in the past and will in the future
Modern Science's roots
Greek philosophersarabic mathematics and astronomerschinese naturalists TERM 47
Skepticism
DEFINITION 47 Cautious to accept a proposed explanationprovisionally true explanation TERM 48
Reproducibility
DEFINITION 48 producing the same result consistently replication: repeating studies/tests Accuracy: Correctness of measurements Precision: repeatability of results and level of detail TERM 49
Deductive reasoning
DEFINITION 49 start with a general principle and derive a testable prediction about a specific case "top down"uses logical steps to think about something and come to a conclusion Example: Isaac Newton Galileo TERM 50
Inductive reasoning
DEFINITION 50 we study specific examples and try to discover patterns and derive general explanations from collected observations "bottom up"
Science
a systematic process for learning about the world and testing out understanding of it.sorts fact from fictionDevelop solutions to the probe we face TERM 52
The scientific method
DEFINITION 52 a technique for testing ideas with observations TERM 53
Probability
DEFINITION 53 measure of likelihood of occurrence of an event.based on previous observations/standard statistical measurements TERM 54
Frequent observation
DEFINITION 54 High probability of truth TERM 55
High Probability
DEFINITION 55 high certainty of science
Paradigms
overarching models of the world that guide our interpretation of events TERM 62
Communication Revolution
DEFINITION 62 Radio Television Internet E-mail Cell phones Text messaging TERM 63
Quantitative data
DEFINITION 63 Precise and easily comparedgood benchmarks for measuring change TERM 64
Statistics
DEFINITION 64 numbers that let you evaluate and compare, TERM 65
Descriptive Statistics
DEFINITION 65 Help you assess the general state of a groupMeasures of Central Tendancy
Large Sample
reduces the effects of outliershigh or low values TERM 67
Random Sample
DEFINITION 67 minimize biasthe chance that you select only the worst/best citiesChance that sites are too close together: similar conditions TERM 68
Statistical Samples
DEFINITION 68 large and random samples are more likely to fit this "bell curve' shapemean is near the center TERM 69
Standard
Deviation
DEFINITION 69 A measure of data dispersion in the same units as the mean TERM 70
Variance
DEFINITION 70 How far each point from the mean of the data set
The US Human Dimensions of Environmental
Science
less than 5% of the world's populationconsumes 25% of most commercially traded commoditiesProduces25-50% of most industrial wastes TERM 77
The American Lifestyle HDES
DEFINITION 77 1 person- 1,000 pounds of raw materialsEvery yr- 160million tons of garbage TERM 78
Expanded food production
DEFINITION 78 led to increased population and consumptionone of our greatest achievements TERM 79
Increased Production results in
DEFINITION 79 ErosionChanged natural systems TERM 80
Current Environmental Conditions
DEFINITION 80 Pollution Climate Biodiversity Extinctions Oceans
Pollution
Probs
Air Quality Worsened dramatically in many areas Southern Asia 2 mile thick toxic haze 3 million people die/ year 75% of smog and particulate pollution on west coast of US traced to Asia TERM 82
Climate
Probs
DEFINITION 82 Melting glaciers raising sea levels impacted wildlife, forests, health and crops increasingly destructive weather CO2 rose 39% TERM 83
Biodiversity
Probs
DEFINITION 83 The cumulative number and diversity of living thingsHumans actions have driven many species extinct declining dramatically setting in motion a mass extinction event TERM 84
Extinctions probs
DEFINITION 84 Occurring at a rate of K-T habitat destruction overexploitation pollution introduction of exotic organisms TERM 85
Ocean
Probs
DEFINITION 85 1 billion people on developing countries depend on seafood90% of large predators have been removed from the ocean Bluefin tuna, marlin, swordfish, sharks, cod, halibut
Sustainable development
the use of resources to satisfy current needs w/out compromising future availability of resources TERM 92
Development
DEFINITION 92 Purposeful changes to improve the quality of life TERM 93
Triple Bottom Line
DEFINITION 93 Sustainable solutions that meet Environmental goals Economic goals Social goals TERM 94
Independent Variable
DEFINITION 94 variable you have control over, what you can choose and manipulate, what you change
