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What is
Psychology?
the scientific study of behavior and mental processes
TERM 2
Behavior
DEFINITION 2
everything we do that can be directly observed
TERM 3
Critical
Thinking
DEFINITION 3
the process of thinking reflectively and productively and
evaluating evidence
TERM 4
Structuralists
DEFINITION 4
Wilhelm Wundt(father of psych)-mental processes could be
studied-structure of mind-introspection-conscious thought
TERM 5
Functionalists
DEFINITION 5
William James-behavior&how we adapt to our enviornment-
interaction with outside environment-mind changes and
adapts
Psychodynamic
Freud-unconscious aspects of the mind-early childhood
experiences-conflict between insticts and society demands
TERM 7
Behavioralists
DEFINITION 7
Pavlov, skinner-scientific study of observable behavior-
shaped by environment-"we are what we do"
TERM 8
Cognitive
DEFINITION 8
Albert Ellis-mental processes-thinking, knowing, memory,
problem solving-"we are what we think"
TERM 9
Social Cognitive approach
DEFINITION 9
Albert Bendura-behavior is determined by how our thoughts
modify the impact of the environment on behavior
TERM 10
Behavioral Neuroscience
DEFINITION 10
-Brain and nervous system-chemical changes in the brain-
medication
experimental research
cause and effect
TERM 17
hypothesis
DEFINITION 17
an idea that is testible prediction often arrived at logically
from a theory
TERM 18
ethics
DEFINITION 18
-research is beneficial to society-informed consent-can
withdraw at anytime-debriefing-deception sometimes
necessary
TERM 19
deception
DEFINITION 19
sometimes necessary for the experiment, must not harm the
participant
TERM 20
2 parts of nervous system
DEFINITION 20
central(CNS) and peripheral
Afferent Nerves
sensory nerves-recieve info from body-carry info to brain
TERM 22
efferent nerves
DEFINITION 22
motor nerves-send commands from brain to body-controls
brains ouput
TERM 23
3 parts of neuron
DEFINITION 23
cell bodydendritesaxon
TERM 24
neurons dont
DEFINITION 24
touch
TERM 25
GABA
DEFINITION 25
low levels associated w/ anxiety
oxytocin
hormone &neurotransmitter-human bondingsurge-during
childbirthsexual orgasm
TERM 32
3 parts of brain
DEFINITION 32
1. hind brain2. midbrain3. forebrain
TERM 33
mental processes
DEFINITION 33
the thoughts, feelings, and motives that each of us
experiences privately but cannot be observed directly
TERM 34
structuralism
DEFINITION 34
an early school of psychology that attempted to discover
basic elements of the human mind
TERM 35
functionalism
DEFINITION 35
an early school of psychology that emphasized the
interaction between the mind and outside environment
naturalistic observation
observations of behavior in real-world settings with no effort
made to manipulate or control the situation
TERM 37
case study
DEFINITION 37
indepth look at a single individual
TERM 38
dependent variable
DEFINITION 38
the factor that can change in an experiment in response to
changes in the independent variable
TERM 39
experiment
DEFINITION 39
carefully regulated procedure in which one or more factores
influes the behavior being studied are manipulated and all
other factors are held constant
TERM 40
independent variable
DEFINITION 40
the manipulated, influential, experimental factor in an
experiment
glial cells
provide support and nutritional benefits in the nervous
system
TERM 47
Myelin Sheath
DEFINITION 47
layer of fat cells that encases and insulates most axons-
speeds up transmission of nerve impulses
TERM 48
synapses
DEFINITION 48
tiny junctions between 2 neruons
TERM 49
neurotransmitters
DEFINITION 49
chemicals that carry info across synaptic gap from one
neuron to the next
TERM 50
hindbrain
DEFINITION 50
lowest part of brain-consisting of the medulla, cerebellum
and pons
brain stem
includes most of hindbrain (minus cerebellum) and the
midbrain
TERM 52
midbrain
DEFINITION 52
located between hindbrain and forebrain-many nervefiber
systems ascend and descend to connect higher and lower
portions of the brain
TERM 53
forebrain
DEFINITION 53
the gightest level of the brain
TERM 54
limbic system
DEFINITION 54
closely connected network of structures-including
hippocampus and amygdala-memory and emotion
TERM 55
amygdala
DEFINITION 55
key role in emotions, fear and pleasure part of limbic system
corpus callosum
large bundle of axons that connect the brains two
hemispheres
TERM 62
frontal lobe
DEFINITION 62
part of cerebral cortex behind forehead-controls voluntary
muscles, intelligence and personality
TERM 63
pariental lobe
DEFINITION 63
cerebral cortex at top of head: registers spatial location,
attention and motor control-processes info about body
sensations
TERM 64
occipital lobe
DEFINITION 64
part of cerebral cortex at back of head that is involved with
vision
TERM 65
temporal lobe
DEFINITION 65
portion of cerebral cortex just above ears that involves
hearing, language processing, and memory
