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Cardiovascular Anatomy and Physiology Quiz Questions and Answers, Exams of Advanced Education

A series of multiple choice questions and answers focusing on cardiovascular anatomy and physiology. it covers topics such as left and right ventricular wall segments, atrioventricular valves, pulmonary vessels, the aortic arch, coronary arteries, cardiac pressures, and echocardiography controls. The questions are designed to test understanding of key anatomical structures and physiological principles.

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 05/13/2025

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TERRY REYNOLDS FIRST 1-250 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS!!
1) The parasternal long-axis view allows identification of all the following wall segments
EXCEPT:
A. Basal and mid-interventricular septum
B. Basal and mid-posterior wall of the left ventricle
C. Infero-lateral wall of the left ventricle
D. Left ventricular apex - ANSWER D
2) Wall segments that are visualized in the parasternal short-axis view of the left
ventricle at the level of the papillary muscles include all the following EXCEPT:
A. Anterior septum
B. Anterior wall
C. Antero-inferior wall
D. Antero-lateral wal - ANSWER C
3) Left ventricular wall segements that are usually visualized in the apical fourchamber
view include all of the following EXCEPT:
A. Anterior wall of the left ventricle
B. Apex
C. Interventricular septumza
D. Lateral wall of left ventricle - ANSWER A
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TERRY REYNOLDS FIRST 1- 250 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT

ANSWERS!!

  1. The parasternal long-axis view allows identification of all the following wall segments EXCEPT:

A. Basal and mid-interventricular septum B. Basal and mid-posterior wall of the left ventricle C. Infero-lateral wall of the left ventricle D. Left ventricular apex - ANSWER D

  1. Wall segments that are visualized in the parasternal short-axis view of the left ventricle at the level of the papillary muscles include all the following EXCEPT:

A. Anterior septum B. Anterior wall C. Antero-inferior wall D. Antero-lateral wal - ANSWER C

  1. Left ventricular wall segements that are usually visualized in the apical fourchamber view include all of the following EXCEPT:

A. Anterior wall of the left ventricle B. Apex C. Interventricular septumza D. Lateral wall of left ventricle - ANSWER A

  1. Wall segments and structures that may be visualized in the apical twochamber view include all of the following EXCEPT:

A. Anterior wall of the left ventricle B. Coronary sinus C. Free wall of the right ventricle D. Inferior wall of the left ventricle - ANSWER C

  1. The boundaries of the functional left ventricular outflow tract are best described as extending from the:

A. Anterior aortic valve annulus to the posterior aortic valve annulus B. Anteromedial position of the tricuspid valve annulus to the pulmonic valve annulus C. Free edge of the anterior mitral valve leaflet to the aortic valve annulus D. Tips of the left ventricular papillary muscles to the edge of the anterior mitral valve leaflet - ANSWER C

  1. The landmarks used to identify the anatomic and functional right ventricular outflow tract are the:

A. Anterior mitral valve leaflet to the left edge of the interventricular septum B. Aortic valve annulus to the tricuspid valve annulus C. Tricuspid valve annulus to the aortic valve annulus D. Tricuspid valve annulus to the pulmonary valve annulus - ANSWER D

  1. All of the following are considered atrioventricular valves EXCEPT:

A. Aortic B. Mitral

B. Sinuses of Valsalva C. Left ventricular walls D. Papillary muscles - ANSWER B

The normal mitral valve area is:

A. 1 to 3 cm B. 3 to 5 cm C. 4 to 6 cm D. 7 to 9 cm2 - ANSWER C

All the following are considered pulmonary vessels EXCEPT:

A. Main pulmonary artery B. Pulmonary capillaries C. Pulmonary veins D. Vena cava - ANSWER D

The upper limit of normal for the aortic root diameter in adults as measured by M-mode echocardiography ranges from:

A. 1.3 to 2.4 cm B. 2.2 to 2.5 cm C. 25 to 32 mm D. 33 to 37 mm - ANSWER D

The three branches that normally originate from the aortic arch include all the following EXCEPT:

A. Brachiocephalic artery B. Left common carotid artery C. Left subclavian artery D. Right subclavian artery - ANSWER D

The point at which the descending aorta and the aortic arch join is called the aortic:

A. Bifurcation B. Bulb C. Isthmus D. Sinus - ANSWER C

The thickest layer of an aterial wall is the tunica:

A. Adventitia B. Intima C. Media D. VasorumC - ANSWER C

The anatomic landmark that demarcates the end section of the descending thoracic aorta and the beginning of the abdominal aorta is the:

A. Aortic isthmus B. Diaphragm C. Ligamentum arteriosum D. Renal arteries - ANSWER B

C. Posterior descending coronary artery D. Right coronary artery - ANSWER B

The coronary artery that predominantly supplies blood to the right ventricle is the:

A. Acute marginal branch B. Anterior descending coronary artery C. Circumflex coronary artery D. Left main coronary artery - ANSWER A

Normal pressure values in millimeters of mercury for the listed cardiac chambers or great vessels include all the following EXCEPT:

A. Right atrial pressure: 0 to 5 mean B. Right ventricle: 25 systolic, 0 to 5 diastolic C. Pulmonary artery: 25 systolic, 10 to 15 diastolic D. Left ventricle: 120 systolic, 80 diastolic - ANSWER D

The moderator band is found in the:

A. Right atrium B. Right ventricle C. Left atrium D. Left ventricle - ANSWER B

The Eustachian valve is found in the:

A. Right atrium B. Right ventricle C. Left atrium D. Left ventricle - ANSWER A

The Chiari network is found in the:

A. Right atrium B. Right ventricle C. Left atrium D. Left ventricle - ANSWER A

The normal volume of clear serous fluid in the pericardial sac is:

A. 20 to 50 cc B. 20 to 50 L C. 200 to 500 cc D. 200 to 500 L - ANSWER A

A potential space behind the left atrium where pericardial effusion could accumulate is the:

A. Sinus of Valsalva B. Pleural potential space C. Oblique sinus D. Coronary sinus - ANSWER C

D. Interval-length relationship - ANSWER B

The percentage of blood pumped out of the heart per beat is called:

A. Stroke volume B. Cardiac output C. Cardiac index D. Ejection fraction - ANSWER D

Failed fusion of the superior and inferior endocardial cushions is associated with all of the following EXCEPT:

A. Partial atrioventricular canal defect B. Complete atrioventricular canal defect C. Isolated inlet ventricular septal defect D. Isolated supracristal ventricular septal defect - ANSWER D

The imaginary boundaries that define the mid-left ventricle are the:

A. Mitral annulus to the tip of the papillary muscles B. Base of the papillary muscles to the cardiac apex C. Tip of the papillary muscles to the base of the papillary muscles D. Aortic annulus to the edge of the mitral valve - ANSWER C

The coronary sinus can be differentiated from the descending thoracic aorta with pulsed-wave Doppler because coronary sinus flow is predominantly diastolic, while aortic flow is:

A. Equiphasic B. Phasic C. Predominantly diastolic D. Predominantly systolic - ANSWER D

In standard imaging (M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiography), the control that determines the amount of electrical energy transmitted to the transducer from the pulser is:

A. Overall gain B. Radiofrequency gain C. Time gain compensation D. Transmit power - ANSWER D

.Amplification of received signals is controlled by:

A. Output power B. Overall gain C. Pulser power D. Transmit power - ANSWER B

A method used to compensate for the attenuation of signals as a function of time/depth along the ultrasound beam is:

A. Overall gain B. Pulser power C. Time gain compensation D. Transmit power - ANSWER C

C. Output power D. Sample volume length - ANSWER A

The control labeled Doppler sample volume depth:

A. Sets the range gate location for pulsed-wave Doppler B. Does not affect the pulse repetition frequency C. Does not affect the maximum velocity that can be displayed without signal aliasing D. Is useful in continuous-wave Doppler - ANSWER A

The preferred transducer frequency for imaging a barrel-chested patient is:

A. 2.5 MHz B. 3.5 MHz C. 5.0 MHz D. 7.0 MHz - ANSWER A

A maneuver that results in a decrease in venous return is:

A. Inspiration B. Squatting C. Straight leg raising D. Valsalva - ANSWER D

A maneuver that results in an acute increase in blood pressure is:

A. Inhalation of amyl nitrate

B. Supine to standing C. Isometric handgrip D. Inspiration - ANSWER C

.A maneuver that will result in tachycardia and a transient decrease in blood pressure is:

A. Inhalation of amyl nitrate B. Squatting C. Standing to supine D. Straight leg raising - ANSWER A

A maneuver that will increase venous return is:

A. Expiration B. Squatting to standing C. Straight leg raising D. Supine to standing - ANSWER C

A maneuver that increases the obstruction in patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy is:

A. Leg raising B. Standing to supine C. Valsalva D. Inspiration - ANSWER C

Possible pharmacologic treatments for hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy

D. Long-axis, short-axis, two-chamber - ANSWER B

The two-dimensional echocardiographic view that best visualizes the proximal segments of the coronary arteries is the:

A. Parasternal long-axis view of the left ventricle B. Parasternal short-axis view of the aortic valve C. Parasternal short-axis view of the left ventricle of papillary muscles D. Subcostal four-chamber view - ANSWER B

The two-dimensional echocardiographic view that permits examination of the aortic arch is:

A. Parasternal long axis B. Apical two chamber C. Subcostal four chamber D. Suprasternal long axis - ANSWER D

The recommended method for determining left ventricular volumes by twodimensional echocardiography is:

A. Method of discs B. Single plane area-length C. Bullet method D. Prolate ellipse method - ANSWER A

The ellipsoid single-plane method for determining left ventricular volumes by two-dimensional echocardiography is also called:

A. Area-length method B. Bullet method C. Length-diameter method D. Simpson's rule - ANSWER A

.A bright horizontal echo that gives the edge of an atrial or ventricular septal defect a broadened appearance is referred to as the:

A. A sign B. Fo sign C. T sign D. W sig - ANSWER C

When attempting to determine the presence of a perimembranous ventricular septal defect in the parasternal long-axis view, the echocardiographer should tilt the probe:

A. Anteriorly B. Posteriorly C. Medially D. Laterally - ANSWER C

When attempting to determine whether an inlet ventricular septal defect from the apical four-chamber view is present, the echocardiographer should tilt the probe:

A. Anteriorly B. Posteriorly C. Medially D. Laterally - ANSWER B

B. Parasternal long-axis view C. Parasternal short-axis view D. Subcostal four-chamber view - ANSWER C

The gold-standard two-dimensional echocardiographic view for diagnosing mitral valve prolapsed is the:

A. Apical four-chamber view B. Parasternal long-axis view C. Parasternal short-axis view of the mitral valve D. Subcostal four-chamber - ANSWER B

Excellent two-dimensional views for imaging the tricuspid valve include all the following EXCEPT:

A. Parasternal long-axis view B. Parasternal short-axis view of the aortic valve C. Apical four-chamber view D. Subcostal four-chamber view - ANSWER A

The smallest vegetation that transthoracic two-dimensional echocardiography can detect is:

A. 1 mm B. 2 mm C. 3 mm D. 4 mm - ANSWER C

The hump or break occasionally seen on the M-mode of the mitral valve between the E and F points is designated:

A. B notch B. f wave C. Fo D. h wave - ANSWER C

The left atrial dimension is measured on M-mode during:

A. Systole B. End-systole C. Diastole D. End-diastole - ANSWER B

.The method used most often for calculating ejection fraction by M-mode echocardiography is:

A. Ellipsoid biplane method B. Simpson's method of discs C. Single-plane area-length method D. Teichholtz regression - ANSWER D

A quantitative measure of left ventricular systolic wall thickening is: A. DT - ST ÷ DT B. ST - DT ÷ DT x 100 C. DT + ST D. DT + ST ÷ DT - ANSWER B